中胚层的

Under appropriate conditions embryonic stem cells have been shown to differentiate in vitro to multiple cell types of endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.

一旦撤除分化抑制因素，或添加适当的诱导剂，ES细胞可分化为内胚层、中胚层和外胚层的多种类型的特化细胞。

In vitro, ES cells can spontaneously differentiate into embryoid bodies containing derivatives of three germ layers.

在体外，ES细胞可自发分化为含有内胚层、中胚层、外胚层来源的多种组织和细胞的拟胚体。

Identification of differently expressed genes between normal liver tissue and liver cancer,can provide valuable candidate genes for prevention,diagnosis and therapy of liver cancerBased on phenotype analysis after gene knockout,endoblast transcription factor HNF6 may regulate mesoblast transcription factor Foxfl.

基于基因敲除后的表型分析及其研究，发现内胚层转录因子HNF6调控中胚层转录因子Foxfl的表达，进而通过调控Foxfl的下游基因Notch2的表达而调控胆管的发育和生长。

The scientists noted that specialized cells generated from the AFS cells included all three classes of cells found in the deeloping embryo - termed ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

科学家还发现从羊水衍生的干细胞中生长出来的特定的细胞包含了发育的胚胎的三种细胞类型——外胚层、中胚层和内胚层。

Tinman dsRNA even caused visceral mesoderm defects and the somatic muscles disruption, yet wingless dsRNA only affected heart precursors and had no effect on visceral mesoderm and somatic muscles, indicationg that the heart-related genes dsRNA interference worked effectively and exclusively in Drosphila

尤其是tinman基因的dsRNA，还引起了肠中胚层缺失和体壁肌肉组织的紊乱，而wingless基因的dsRNA却只影响心脏的形成，而不影响肠中胚层，说明dsRNA干扰具有非常强的特异性，因而不失为研究果蝇心脏发育基因功能的有效方法。

In this exper iment,we took the advantage of RNAi technique,microinjected tinman and singless dsRNA into the early embryos in Drosophila respectively and got these two genes' RNAi phenotypes,which were very similar to that of their mutant,showing heart tube defects or no heart precursors formation.tinman dsRNA eve caused visceral mesoderm defects and the somatic muscles disruption,yet wingless dsRNA only affected heart precursors and had no effect on visceral mesoderm and somatic muscles,indicationg that the heart-related genes dsRNA interference worked effectively and exclusively in Drosophila.

实验运用RNAi技术，分别将tinman和wingless的dsRNA注入果蝇的早期胚胎，得到了这两个基因的dsRNA干扰表型，与两个基因的突变体表型非常相似，都表现为果蝇心脏前体细胞不能形成或心脏管缺失。尤其是tinman基因的dsRNA，还引起了肠中胚层缺失和体壁肌肉组织的紊乱，而wingless基因的dsRNA却只影响心脏的形成，而不影响肠中胚层，说明dsRNA干扰具有非常强的特异性，因而不失为研究果蝇心脏发育基因功能的有效方法。

A variation in gastrulation, involving the movement of cells into endodermal and mesodermal positions through the thickened primitive streak, arose in reptiles and can still be seen in bird and mammalian embryos, lending support

密实的原肠胚通过细胞运动进入内胚层和中胚层，爬虫，鸟，哺乳动物的胚胎都如此。因此提出这样的理论，鸟类和哺乳动物是由爬虫进化而来的。

A variation in gastrulation involving the movement of cells into endodermal and mesodermal positions through the thickened primitive streak arose in reptiles and can still be seen in bird and mammalian embryos lending support to the theory that birds and mammals evolved from reptiles.

密实的原肠胚通过细胞运动进入内胚层和中胚层，爬虫，鸟，哺乳动物的胚胎都如此。因此提出这样的理论，鸟类和哺乳动物是由爬虫进化而来的。

Nodal and Activin, members of TGF-βsuperfamily, are mediated by the TGF-βreceptors ALK4 or ALK7, and they play important roles in mesendoderm induction and anteroposterior patterning of the neuroectoderm.

TGFβ家族的信号转导由TGFβ受体ALK4或ALK7介导，在脊椎动物胚胎的中胚层和内胚层诱导以及神经外胚层的前-后轴线分化中起着重要作用。

Vascular development begins when mesodermal cells differentiate into endothelial cells, which then form primitive vessels.

在中胚层细胞分化成内胚层细胞时，血管开始发育，并随后形成最初的血管。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。