中胚层

The content of soluble protein rapidly increased with the embryo development after pollination for 16 days, while BiP markedly increased from 22nd day after pollination. The BiP failed to respond to heat shock. Immunohistochemical localization showed that BiP localized in plumule, primary vascular tissue and aleurone layer during embryo development.

组织化学免疫定位表明，在玉米胚发育的不同时期，BiP主要定位在胚芽端、初生维管组织和糊粉层中，提示胚在构建器官的同时，也为其功能执行准备了条件；热激不影响其定位。

The rearrangement of the blastula into a three-dimensional organism with inner middle and outer layers occurs during gastrulation.

在原肠胚形成过程中，囊胚重新排列，形成包括内层，中层，外层的三围组织。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastocysts followed by fusion of cyto-plasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro. During the fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos are as high as these of two-cell diploid embryos in vivo Then the embryos are rapidly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting in the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus are fused completely. After that, the DNA methy-lation levels of the fused embryos are gradually increased until the morula stage. However, whereas an asymmetric distribu-tion of DNA methylation is established in vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than that in the trophectoderm, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution in most in vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在桑葚胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

Tetraploid embryos could be produced by electrofusion at the stage of two-cell embryos, which could develop to blastcysts fellowed by fusion of cytoplasm and nucleus and cleavage in vitro.After fusion of cytoplasm, the DNA methylation levels of the fused embryos was very high as well as two-cell diploid embryos in vivo.Then the embryos was rapiddly demethylated when the nucleus begin to fuse, resulting the lowest DNA methylation levels when the nucleus fused completely.After that, the DNA methylation levels of fused embryos were gradually increased until the blastocysts stage.However, whereas an asymmetric distribution of DNA methylation was established in an vivo-derived blastocysts with a higher methylation level in the inner cell mass than in the trophectoderm, in most vitro-derived tetraploid blastocysts, we can not detect the asymmetric distribution.

结果表明：利用电融合方法制备的小鼠四倍体胚胎在体外培养体系中经历细胞质融合、细胞核融合及细胞继续分裂发育直到囊胚期的过程，在细胞质融合的时候胚胎卵裂球同体内体外培养二倍体胚胎一样，呈现高度甲基化状态；在细胞核开始融合的时候，甲基化水平急速下降，在细胞核完全融合的时候甲基化水平达到最低点；随着胚胎继续分裂，胚胎甲基化水平逐渐增加，在囊胚期甲基化水平最高；但是囊胚期四倍体胚胎内细胞团同滋养层细胞甲基化荧光信号没有差别，这与体内体外培养二倍体囊胚内细胞团细胞甲基化荧光强度高于滋养层细胞甲基化荧光强度不同。

For household users to establish simple antifreeze dilution disposal ways of applying gender-controlled embryo freezingly-preserved technique by one-step vitrification dilution method,A,B,and C structure approaches of liquid layers in canaliculi were applied to investigate their survival capacity after embryos freshly-split by one-step dilution;and minimum capacity refrigerant method in specific canaliculus and above structure approach of liquid layer B were also applied to compare their survival capacity of frozen and melted embryos freshly split,and frozen and melted IVF embryos splited by one-step dilution.

为了创立在用户庭院就能应用的玻璃化保存性别控制胚胎的冷冻剂稀释处理方法，采用细管内3种不同液体层构成法，对新鲜分割胚一步法稀释后的存活能力进行了研究；其次用特定细管最小容量冷却法与上述3种不同液体层构成中效果较好的B法对玻璃化冷冻溶解的新鲜分割胚、体外受精分割胚及冷冻溶解的体外受精分割胚进行一步法稀释后的存活能力予以对比。

These observations, coupled with the fact that GA stimulated germination of dormant Myrica seeds, provide evidence that endogenous ABA decreased dormancy break and that endogenous gibberellins, especially GA4 and/or GA1 are involved in germination.

此外，观察暖温、低温或暖低温层积处理后的种子胚部GAs含量发现，除了胚根已伸长的种子胚中的GA4含量增加外，其他各处理的GA1， GA3， GA7和GA20含量都很低。

Seeds remaining attached in dehisced fruit; seed coat with thick inner layer of dense black sclerenchyma and spongy outer layer bounded externally by a shiny black pellicle; endosperm copious; embryo straight or slightly curved; cotyledons elliptic, flattened; hypocotyl superior.

种子附存于开裂的果中；种皮具厚的内层深黑色厚壁组织和海绵状的外层，其外部边界具发亮的黑色表膜。胚乳丰富；胚直或稍弯曲；子叶椭圆形，扁平；下胚轴上位。

The contents of thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, total protein and xylose and the weight were determined separately for each part as well as for the whole grain.

合并吸收层和胚两部中核黄素的含量，约相等或稍高于糊粉层中核黄素的含量；合并吸收层，胚和糊粉层三者约占总含量50—60％。

The galactosyl oligosaccharides of raffinose series are widely distributed in seeds of many species and are localized in tissues that remain viable after desiccation, including the embryo and aleurone layer of cereals, cotyledons and axis tissues of legumes and other dicots.

棉子糖半乳糖苷系列寡糖广泛分布在许多种植物种子中，并存在于干燥后仍能保持活力的组织内，如禾谷类种子的胚及糊粉层，豆类及其他双子叶植物的子叶和胚轴组织等。棉子糖半乳糖苷系列寡糖在禾谷类种子的非自溶性中央胚乳中不合成，但存在于蓖麻种子的自溶性胚乳细胞中。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失