中肾

A kidneylike organ, being either part of the most anterior pair of three pairs of organs in a vertebrate embryo, disappearing early in the embryonic development of higher vertebrates, but functioning as a kidney in some simple vertebrates, such as the lamprey.

前肾，原肾一肾状器官，是脊椎动物胚胎中三对器官最前面一对的一部分，在高级脊椎动物的早期发育时消失，但在一些初级脊椎动物中作为肾脏，如八目鳗

A kidneylike organ,being either part of the most anterior pair of three pairs of organs in a vertebrate embryo ,disappearing early in the embryo nic development of higher vertebrates,but functioning as a kidney in some simple vertebrates,such as the lamprey.

前肾，原肾一肾状器官，是脊椎动物胚胎中三对器官最前面一对的一部分，在高级脊椎动物的早期发育时消失，但在一些初级脊椎动物中作为肾脏，如八目鳗

We do not separately skeletonize the renal ein and artery during LPN. We think that indiidual essel skeletonization is unnecessary, and might een be counter-productie for the following reasons:1it is not mandatory for achieing adequate clamping;2 it might result in renal artery asospasm;3 it increases the risks of iatrogenic ascular injury with serious sequelae;4 some hilar fat might cushion the renal essels, minimizing crush injury to the endothelium by the clamp, especially in cases of atherosclerotic renal arteries;5 it requires ≈ 30 min of precious operating time, detracting the surgeon from the primary goal of the procedure.

在LPN过程中不分离肾动静脉轮廓，因其并无必要，如分离可能由于以下原因达不到预期目的：1 不必充分夹紧；2可能导致肾动脉痉挛；3增加医源性血管损伤及其严重后遗症的风险；4肾门脂肪可能对于肾脏血管起到缓冲作用，减少钳夹对于上皮组织的挤压伤，特别是对于动脉粥样硬化的肾脏动脉病例；5 导致达到手术目的的时间中花费大约30分钟宝贵手术时间。

Theurinary IL-6 level positively correlated with density of glomerular matrix membrane, global sclerosis, fiber or fibrocellular crescents and interstitial fibrosis (p. 05). According to the degree of density of glomerular matrix membrane and interstitial fibrosis, urinary Col-IV level had better correlation than urinary TGF-betal and IL-6 levels.In IgAN, Col-IV showed increased expression in diseased renal tissue whereas the site of expression of TGF-betal was mainly localized within the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells. Interstial expressionwas also present but glomerular TGF-betal expression was found only in patients with heavy mesangial proliferation. There was a significant correlation between glomerular positivity for Col-IV and severity of histological damage. There was also a significant correlation between positivity for TGF-betal and Col-IV in the tubular epithelial and interstitial lesions. In contrast, there was no ralationship between glomerular positivity for TGF-betal and severity of histological damage.The urinary TGF-betal level paralleled tubular TGF-betal expression.

结果 ①IgAN患者尿TGF-β1、IL-6、Col-Ⅳ水平较健康人明显增高(P＜0.01)，该变化与血中的浓度无关(P＞0.05)；②尿TGF-β1水平与小管间质TGF-β1阳性表达呈正相关(P=0.000)，而与小球TGF-β1阳性表达无关(P＞0.05)，尿Col-Ⅳ水平与小球和小管间质Col-Ⅳ阳性表达均呈良好的相关性(P＜0.01)，还与小管间质TGF-β1阳性表达呈正相关(P＜0.05)：③小球Col-Ⅳ阳性表达与肾组织慢性病变密切相关(P＜0.05)，小管间质Col-Ⅳ和TGF-β1阳性表达均与肾小管间质病变呈良好的相关性(P＜0.01)，而小球TGF-β1阳性表达与肾组织损伤无关(P＞0.05)；④尿TGF-β1、Col-Ⅳ水平与肾小球基质基底膜面密度、小管间质病变呈正相关(P＜0.01)，与小球内细胞数呈负相关(P＜0.05)，该结果与其在组织中的表达一致；尿IL-6水平浙江大学硕士学位论文尿TGF一B一、IL一6和Col一IV在IgA肾病中的应用价值与基质基底膜面密度、球性硬化、纤维或细胞纤维新月体所占肾小球百分数及小管间质病变均有显著的相关性(F.05)；在轻度肾病理损伤时，尿'l'G卜pl、I卜6、Col一IV水平即升高，而尿Col一W在反映细胞外基质积聚和间质纤维化程度上比尿TGF一pl和IL一6有更好的相关性。

Methods RI and PI of main renal artery and interlobar artery were obtained by color Doppler ultrasonography within the first week of transplantation.Then they were correlated with allograft glumerular filtration rate at 1 year.

在100例无并发症肾移植患者中，应用彩色多普勒超声，于肾移植术后1周内，测量移植肾肾动脉和叶间动脉的阻力指数和搏动指数，并与术后1年的移植肾肾小球滤过率进行相关分析。

The granule could significantly ameliorate mesenchymal deposit of collagenⅠ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and α-SMA due to ureter ligation in rats with UUO, lower hyperexpression of TGF-β1 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA after renal injury, decrease the number of cells infiltrating into renal mesenchyma.

在单侧输尿管结扎大鼠中补肾生血颗粒剂能明显改善输尿管结扎所致的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原和α-SMA在肾间质中的沉积，降低肾脏损伤后亢进的TGF-β1 mRNA和TIMP-1 mRNA的水平；减少肾间质中浸润的〓T淋巴细胞数目。

Results:Prerenal foscial thickening was demonstrated in 94%(47/50) patients with pancreatitis,with 97.3%(36/37) in acute cases and 86.9%(11/13) in chromic patients whereas only two cases revealed left prerenal fascial thickening among 22 carcinoma patients (9.9%).

结果：胰腺炎组肾前筋膜增厚发生率94%(47/50)，其中急性胰腺炎肾前筋膜增厚发生率97.3%(36/37)，慢性胰腺炎肾前筋膜发生率86.9%(11/13)。胰腺癌22例中，2例肾前筋膜增厚，占9.9%，均为左侧肾前筋膜。

Methods: Renal IRI models were made in rats(the right kidney was resected, and the left renal artery was closured by a clip for 1 hour and then was loosened to reperfusion). The concentration of TNF-a, IL-8 and IL-6 were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using biochemical analyzer, concentration of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were detected.

采用大鼠肾I-R模型(将大鼠右肾切除，夹闭左肾蒂1h再，松开使左肾再灌注)，用双抗体夹心ELISA法动态检测肾组织和血液中TNF-a、IL-8、IL-6含量，以及用生化分析仪测定SUN、Scr等指标变化。

Methods: From January 2004 to September 2006, 56 laparoscopic nephrectomies were performed. Hem-o-lok clips were used to control renal artery and vein in 38 cases, including 9 simple nephrectomies, 18 radical nephrectomies and 11 nephroureterectomies.

2004年1月至2006年9月我科行腹腔镜肾切除术56例，其中38例术中应用Hem-o-lok夹处理肾蒂血管，包括腹腔镜单纯肾切除9例，腹腔镜肾癌根治术18例，腹腔镜肾输尿管全长切除术11例。

Results RAS(defined as ≥50% diameter stenosis) was detected in 22 of the 157 patients (14.01%) and 21 of the 81 patients with coronary artery disease(25.93%) who had at least one coronary artery of ≥50% diameter stenosis, while no RAS was found in patients whose coronary angiograms were normal.

结果 157例患者中，肾动脉狭窄发生率为14.0%；经冠状动脉造影证实的81例冠心病患者中，肾动脉狭窄的发生率为25.9%；冠状动脉造影完全正常的62例患者中，无1例有肾动脉狭窄。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。