中肾

Of the 60 patients, chronic nephritis 27 cases,acute serious nephritis 3 cases,essential hypertension 9 cases,diabetes 9 cases, multilocular cyst 6 cases,lupus nephritis 6 cases were enrolled. 60 CRF cases with four phase,including the phase of compensation of renal malfunction,the phase of no-compensation of renal insufficiency the phase of azotemia and the phase of renal failure,were divided into three groups.

CRF原发病为慢性肾炎27例、急进性肾炎3例、原发性高血压9例、糖尿病9例、多囊肾6例、狼疮肾6例，把这60例CRF患者根据中华内科杂志编委会肾脏病专业组于1992年6月在安徽太平举办的原发性肾小球疾病分型、治疗及疗效判定专题座谈会的标准分为四期第1期：肾功能不全代偿期、第2期：肾功能不全失代偿期、第3期：肾功能衰竭期、第4期：尿毒症期；本研究分为轻、中、重症（肾功能衰竭期及尿毒症期）3组来对照观察。

After 10 days, 20 days and 30 days for grass carp (Ctenpharyngoden idellus Cuvier et Valencinnes) immunized by being injected Aeromonas hydrophilia, the ANAE (acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase) positive cells ratioes increased, and the same time it was found that the ACP activity increased up too, it showed that the fish bodies were being at immune responding situation and their immnue activities enhanced.

通过对草鱼免疫器官的六种同工酶的分析发现：LDH在血浆、血液细胞、脾脏和胸腺中都表达为5条区带，前肾还额外显示出X酶带，血浆只有3条酶带；ADH除了胸腺为一条带以外，其它的均为3条酶带；MDH和3-GPDH在这些组织中均表达为3条酶带；EST在前肾中为7条酶带，其余的都为6条酶带；POX只在前肾和脾脏中表达为2条酶带。

Results: When arcuate and interlobular arteries were detected, RI of CKD patients in each stage increased significantly compared with the control group, and RI of interlobular arteries of mild renal dysfunction patients were different from those of moderate and severe renal dysfunction patients significantly.

结果：各期CKD患者弓形动脉、小叶间动脉砒均与健康对照组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）；CKD患者轻度肾损害小叶间动脉砒较中重度肾损害有显著性差异（P（0.05）；应用eflow显像对小叶间血管的分型分析表明CKD各期的小叶间血管较健康对照组均有减少，差异有显著性意义，且轻度肾损害小叶间血管较中重度肾损害丰富，差异有显著性意义。

Nevertheless, According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 1-year graft survival rate was signicantly worse in the C4dgroup(62.9%) than in the C4dgroup (83.3%; log-rank P=0.038).(5) The distribution of deficiency syndrome as follows: spleen-kidney Qi deficiency (53.2%), hepatic and renal Yin deficiency (28.6%), spleen-kidney Yang Deficiency (18.2%). The distribution of sthenia syndrome as follows: syndrome of blood stasis(58.4%), damp-heat syndrome(20.8%), pathogenic damp(11.7%).

应用Kaplan-Meier法观察移植肾穿刺后的生存曲线，log-rank比较两组的移植肾生存率，P=0.040，两组穿刺后生存率差异具有统计学意义。6、观察77例慢性移植物肾病中虚证分布情况：脾肾气虚占53.2%，其次是肝肾阴虚占28.6%，脾肾阳虚占18.2%，而没有观察到阴阳两虚患者；实证分布情况：血瘀证占58.4%，其次是湿热证占20.8%，湿浊证占11.7%和水气证占7.8%，没有观察到风动证。

Methods: The data of 6 cases with 9 hydronephrotic kidneys were studied retrospectively, 3 male and 3 female. The hydronephrosis appeared from 28 to 40 weeks of pregnancy.

对1996年至2005年收治的6例胎儿肾积水临床资料进行回顾性分析。6例中男、女各3例，发现肾积水时间为胎龄28~40周，左肾3例，双肾3例，共9只肾。

Retrospective analysis of 761 case-times successive color Doppler sonography for 518 renal transplant patients was carried out. six parameters of sonography were used to compare, the CsA-NT hemodynamic changes among the patients with normal function, rejected and hydronephrotic kidney.

摘 要 通过对518例肾移植患者连续761次彩色超声波结果进行了回顾性分析，从6项超声指标中，比较了功能正常的移植肾与排斥、急性肾小管坏死、肾积水和环孢素肾毒性血液动力学变化。

After administration of L-N〓-nitro-Arginine, a specific antagonist of NOS, it was found that the basal and stimulated NO release of blood vessels (aorta, internal carotid, renal and mensenteric artery) was decreased further. The increase of coronary blood flow stimulated by Ach was also reduced further, while the platelet aggregation degree and erythrocyte aggregation index increased significantly. Pathological examination indicated that aortic endothelium was destroyed, the blood vessels in cerebral, cardiac and renal tissues were hypertrophied further and some were almost occluded. The above fin dings resulted in SHR feeded with L-NNA having high incidence of stroke rate and high degree of renal cirrhosis when compared to control SHR. The infarct and hemorrhagic focuci in cerebral tissues, infarct focuci in cardiac tissues, atrophy and hyalinedegeneration of renal glomeruli and degeneration even necrosis of renal tubuli in renal tissues were al so found. The increase ratio of brain and heart to body weight and decrease ratio of kidney to body wei ght further demonstrated that the cerebral, cardiac and renal injuries were aggravated.

在上述结果的基础上进一步给予SHR NOS特异性拮抗剂左旋亚硝基精氨酸后，血管(胸主、颈内、肾及肠系膜动脉)NO基础释放及激动剂刺激释放进一步减少，Ach刺激冠脉流量的增加和胸主动脉内膜NOS活性也进一步减少，血小板聚集程度及红细胞聚集指数显著上升，病理切片显示胸主动脉内皮细胞破坏明显，脑心肾组织内的血管进一步增厚甚至几乎阻塞，导致饲L-NNA的SHR缺血性及出血性脑卒中发生率显著高于对照SHR，脑体重比显著升高；心肌内出现明显的缺血梗塞疤痕灶，心体重比显著升高；肾小球明显萎缩、玻璃样变性，肾小管也变性甚至坏死，使肾硬化程度显著增加呈颗粒性固缩肾，肾体重比也显著减少。

Itamin D from the skin and diet is metabolized in the lier to 25-hydroxyitamin D (Figure 1), which is used to determine a patient's itamin D status1,2,3,4; 25-hydroxyitamin D is metabolized in the kidneys by the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-1-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) to its actie form, 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D.1,2,3,4 The renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D is tightly regulated by plasma parathyroid hormone leels and serum calcium and phosphorus leels.1,2,3,4 Fibroblast growth factor 23, secreted from the bone, causes the sodium–phosphate cotransporter to be internalized by the cells of the kidney and small intestine and also suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D synthesis.5 The efficiency of the absorption of renal calcium and of intestinal calcium and phosphorus is increased in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D (Figure 1).2,3,6 It also induces the expression of the enzyme 25-hydroxyitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24), which catabolizes both 25-hydroxyitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyitamin D into biologically inactie, water-soluble calcitroic acid.2,3,4

从皮肤和食物来的维生素D在肝中代谢为25-羟基维生素D（图1），被用来决定病人体内维生素D情况的1，2，3，4；25-羟基维生素D在肾中被25-羟基维生素D1羟化酶（CYP27B1）转变为有活性的1，25-二羟基维生素D 。1，2，3，4由肾产生1，25-二羟基维生素D是被血浆甲状旁腺激素和血清钙，磷水平紧密调节。1，2，3，4由骨分泌的成纤维细胞生长因子23使钠磷协同转运蛋白被肾和小肠细胞内化及抑制1，25-二羟维生素D合成。5 在1，25-二羟基维生素D作用下肾和小肠吸收钙及磷的效率增高(图1)。2，3，6 它也包括25-羟四- 24 -羟化酶的表达(CYP24)，且将1，25二羟基维生素D和25羟基维生素D异化成无生物活性，水溶性的维生素D3-23羧酸。2，3，4

Cases had left - sided diseases and 39 had right . 75 cases who had tumors less than 8 cm in diameter were treated by transabdominal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. 10 cases who had tumors more than 8 cm in diameter were treated by hand - assisted transperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy. Results :In 84 of 85cases , nephrectomies were undergone successfully by laparoscopic procedure.

2000 年10 月～2009年8月共收治肾癌85例，男性47例，女性38例，年龄30～80 岁(平均57 岁)，肾上极有25例，肾中极有36例，肾下极有24例；肿瘤平均直径4.8cm，左侧46例，右侧39例， 75例肿瘤直径小于8 cm ，采用经腹腹腔镜肾癌根治术。10例肿瘤直径大于10 cm ，采用手辅式腹腔镜肾癌根治术。

Also, significant increases of GR inintestine and head kidney were observed, and there were no significant changes of GR inliver and spleen.

肾中过量表达，差异显著(P＜0.05)；GR在肠道和头肾中，表达变化显著(P＜0.05)，上升倍数较高，而在肝脏和脾脏中GR的表达虽然也是增加的，但变化没有肠道和头肾中的明显。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。