中耳

Result 1. CDK4, P16 were expressed in parabasal layers and the upper layer, mainly in the prickle and granular layers of cholesteatoma epithelium. Their positive rates were 68.6% and 88.6% respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in positive rates between

CDK4与P16在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中均过度表达且有一定程度的正相关性，表明它们在疾病发生中是共同而非单独起作用的，从细胞周期的角度可反映胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖的同时也增强负调控因子来抑制增殖，使凋亡同时加快而达到新的平

Result: CDK4 and P16 were expressed in parabasal layers and the upper layer, mainly in the prickle and granular layers of cholesteatoma epithelium.

CDK4与P16在中耳胆脂瘤发生中是共同而非单独起作用的，从细胞周期的角度可反映胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖的同时也增强负调控因子来抑制增殖，使凋亡同时加快而达到新的平衡。

Pupilary light reflex, Physiological function of rod and cone, Photosensory transduction mechanism of rod; Sound transmission in middle ear and microphonic potential.

瞳孔对光反射、视锥视杆细胞的生理功能、视杆细胞感光换能机制；中耳传音功能和微音器电位。

Pupilary light reflex, Physiological function of rod and cone, Photosensory transduction mechanism of rod; Sound transmission in middle ear and microphonic potential.

教学难点：瞳孔对光反射、视锥视杆细胞的生理功能、视杆细胞感光换能机制；中耳传音功能和微音器电位；视觉生理现象；前庭器官功能。。

It was postulated that the obstruction of pneumatized temporal bone air cells,caused by other middle ear diseases such as cholesteatoma and tympanosclerosis,might be the pathophsiological mechanism of CG.

胆固醇肉芽肿的发病机制为中耳的其它疾病如胆脂瘤、硬化灶等导致的通气受阻，仅凭CT及临床体征不能区别胆固醇肉芽肿与胆脂瘤，MRI对本病诊断有极大的价值。

In normal postauricular skin, EGF was expressed in squamous epithelium in 14 samples (41%), fibroblasts in one sample (3%), and endothelium in none. No statistical difference in EGF expression was found between cholesteatoma and normal postauricular skin samples.

在中耳胆脂瘤组织细胞中，EGF阳性百分比在squamous epithelium、endothelium及fibroblast细胞分别为53%（21例）、5%（2例）及5%（2例）；而在耳廓后皮肤组织中，其阳性率分别为41%（14例）、0%（0例）及3%（1例）。

Methods Acoustic immitance determination including tympanogram and stapedius muscle reflex were performed with enhancement type middle ear analyzer-Madsen ZODIAC901 in 200 children with secretory otitis media before and after treatment. Psychological care was well done in sick children and their relatives.

用Madsen ZODIAC901增强型中耳分析仪对200例分泌性中耳炎按常规在治疗前、治疗后进行声导抗检查，测试项目包括鼓室导抗图、镫骨肌反射等。

Results One case of 226 Hz tympanograms was type "As" while others were all type "A", of which single-peaked tympanograms was 43.2%(108/250), W-shaped tympanograms was 56.8%(142/250). The abnormal pattern of 678 Hz tympanograms were 74 ears, and the abnormal pattern of 1000 Hz tympanograms were 35 ears. 43 newborns (86 ears) have accepted temporale CT and results showed 30 middle ears with effusion.

结果 226 Hz探测音鼓室导抗图有1耳为As型，其余耳均为A型，其中单峰型占43.2%(108/250)，双峰型占56.8%(142/250)；678Hz探测音鼓室导抗图异常者有74耳，其中65耳为B型，4耳为As型，5耳为C型。1000Hz探测音鼓室导抗图异常者有35耳，其中26耳为B型，5耳为As型，4耳为C型，声导抗测试异常或可疑者43例（86耳）颞骨薄层CT检查显示30耳存在中耳腔积液。

We successfully managed two patients with I-S joint separation resulting from head injury through exploratory tympanotomy with ossiculoplasty within the recent 2 years. Both were young females who had sustained head injury resulting from traffic accident with the sequelae of persistent hearing impairment. They both gained significant hearing improvement postoperatively.

在过去二年内，我们曾经历过二例听小骨链断离的病例，她们均为年轻女性，在车祸头部外伤后伴有持续性的听力障础，在怀疑听小骨链断离的诊断下，於外科病情稳定之后，以中耳探查术做听小骨链重建，两名患者术后听力皆有显著改善。

Several physical parameters of experimental blast underpressure and morphological and function changes of auditory organs in guinea pigs expsosed to underpressure were observed and analysed in different conditions.

通过 16 4只豚鼠 318耳的观察，发现不同强度冲击波负压暴露后，中耳、内耳的形态结构和听功能发生了不同程度的创伤或损害，且具有良好的稳定性和重复性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。