中枢

Cerebrospinal fluid is not only a special internal environment of the central nervous system, but also a part of the whole-body fluid system.

摘要脑脊液是中枢神经系统的一种特殊内环境，又是全身体液系统的一部分。

ChAc is an Ach's biological synthesizing enzyme and special mark of every cholinergic neuron.

ChAc是乙酰胆碱的生物合成酶，也是胆碱能神经元的特异标志酶，存在于所有胆碱能神经元，ChAc免疫反应活性被用于鉴别中枢和外周的胆碱能神经元。

The results also suggested the Tz, LVPO, NRT and LRt might play a role in the central chemoreception on respiration.

综上所述，上述核团均可能参与呼吸调节中的中枢化学感受功能。

Previous studies have revealed that the chemosensitive areas of the ventrolateral medullary surface participate in the central chemical regulation on respiration, but the exact location and the mechanism of the central chemoreception are still unknown.

延髓腹外侧表面的呼吸调节化学感受区参与中枢化学感受作用已有许多报道，但经电生理、神经解剖学等多方面的研究，至今尚未找到其化学感受的结构基础，因而其感受机制还不清楚。

Rhomboid fossa; vagal triangle; solitary tract nucleus; taste perception; conditioned taste avoidance; reticular formation; vomiting center; chemoreception; chemoreceptors; hypercapnia

菱形窝；迷走神经的三角形；孤束核；味觉感受；有条件的味觉回避；网状结构；呕吐中枢化学感应；化学接受体；高碳酸血

The sensibitity of central chemoreceptor to H＋is about 25 times of that of peripheral chemoreceptor.

中枢化学感受器对H＋的敏感性约为外周化学感受器的25倍。

The main pathway is acting directly on peripheral chemoreceptor and inputting impulse.respiration center is excited.

主要是直接作用于外周化学感受器，传入冲动。呼吸中枢呈兴奋作用。

This review and our recent studies suggest that:(1) baroreceptor reflex is blunted in heart failure;(2) central angiotensin Ⅱ and reactive oxygen species play an important role in blunted baroreceptor reflex;(3) cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation and chemoreceptor reflex inhibit baroreceptor reflex; and (4) exercise training normalizes abnormal reflexes in the heart failure state.

本综述及我们近年的研究表明：(1)在心力衰竭状态下压力感受性反射功能明显减弱；(2)中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ和活性氧在压力感受性反射功能失调中发挥关键作用；(3)心交感传入刺激和化学感受性反射能抑制压力感受性反射；(4)适当的运动可以部分纠正异常的心血管反射活动。

This review and our recent studies suggest that:(1) baroreceptor reflex is blunted in heart failure;(2) central angiotensin II and reactive oxygen species play an important role in blunted baroreceptor reflex;(3) cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation and chemoreceptor reflex inhibit baroreceptor reflex; and (4) exercise training normalizes abnormal reflexes in the heart failure state.

本综述及我们近年的研究表明：(1)在心力衰状态下压力感受性反射功能明显减弱(2)中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ和活性氧在压力感受性反射功能失调中发挥关键作用；(3)心交感传入刺激和化学感受性反射能抑制压力感受性反射；(4)适当的运动可以部分纠正异常的心血管反射活动。

In section of control of ventilation, students will learn respiration centers (medullary center, apneustic center, pneumotaxic center), and are required to master pulmonary stretch reflex (Hering-Breuer reflex), to understand other respiratory reflexes, to master the site and features of central chemoreceptor

了解节律性呼吸运动的起源。掌握肺牵张反射，了解其他呼吸反射。化学因素对呼吸活动的调节，掌握外周化学感受器与中枢化学敏感区的定位和功能特点，血液CO2、H+、O2浓度的变化对呼吸活动的影响及其作用机制。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。