中枢

RESULTS: Thirty-two cases were anencephalia, 31 hydrocephalus, 4 hydroancncephalus, 11 neningocele or encephalomeningocele, 25 spinal meningocele with myeloschisis, 12 Dandy-Walker deformity, 11 schizencephaly of forebrain and 22 choroid plexus cyst among the 148 fetuses. There were different expressions in various CNS deformities, which were correlated with abnormal development of embryo.

结果：148例中枢神经系统畸形胎儿中，无脑儿32例，脑积水3l例，积水性无脑4例，脑膜或脑脑膜膨出11例，脊柱裂脊膜膨出者25例，Dandy-Walker畸形12例，前脑无裂畸形11例，脉络丛囊22例，不同类型的中枢神经系统畸形有不同声像图表现，并与其胚胎发育过程异常相关。

These results suggest that the activate spleen-energy method can achieve appetitive purpose by not only affecting the gastrointestinal tract function in periphery, but also regulating the process of ingestion in brain. The basic research about ingestion indicate: one hand, after food enters the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine cell of the intestinal tract is activated and secrete many kinds of brains intestines peptide, the level of the brain intestines peptide in blood as the periphery signal spreads to the central nervous system regions that control digest and feeding behavior. On the other hand, it has been shown that dorsal parabranchial neurons, containing CCK-8S, extend fibers to the VMH and are involved in the inhibition of feeding .

关于摄食控制的基础研究表明，一方面食物进入胃肠道后，激活肠道的内分泌细胞，分泌多种脑肠肽如CCK-8S，这些脑肠肽在血中的水平作为外周信号可通过"肠—脑轴"传入中枢神经系统介导消化和摄食行为的部位，影响摄食中枢神经元的活动调节动物的摄食行为；另一方面中枢神经元可合成释放内源性的神经肽直接作用于摄食中枢神经元调节摄食，如中枢鳃旁体神经元的神经纤维就可延伸到达VMH，并且合成释放内源性的CCK-8S。

The course will start with an overview of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the development of their structure and major divisions. The major functional components of the CNS will then be reviewed individually. Topography, functional distribution of nerve cell bodies, ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord. Brainstem organization and functional components, including cranial nerve nuclei, ascending / descending pathways, amine-containing cells, structure and information flow in the cerebellar and vestibular systems. Distribution of the cranial nerves, resolution of their skeletal and branchial arch components. Functional divisions of the Diencephalon and Telencephalon. The course will then continue with how these various CNS pieces and parts work together.

这门课将会从中枢和周边神经系统构造的发展和主要的分化点来概述，中枢神经系统的主要功能将会在复习中个别地说明：神经细胞体的断层以及功能性的分布、脊髓内上升和下降神经束的特征学和功能分布；脑干组织和功能要素，包括脑神经核、上升和下降神经束走向、含胺基酸脑激素细胞的分布、小脑和内耳前庭系统的构造和资讯传导流；颅神经的分布、骨弓和腮弓的演化；间脑和终脑的功能与分类；这门课将会探讨这些不同的中枢神经系统如何一起作用。

NgR has emerged as a focal point of convergence for mediating growth-inhibitory activities.

NgR是中枢神经元细胞膜上的一种蛋白，该蛋白和p75NTR及LINGO-1这两种中枢神经元细胞膜蛋白组成复合受体，介导了中枢神经系统髓磷脂中MAG、OMgp、Nogo对中枢神经元轴突生长的抑制作用，从而造成了成年哺乳动物中枢神经损伤后再生困难。

The clause is the central unit in transformation that is the major stage in the three stages of complete translation (comprehension, transformation and expression).

全译过程包括理解、转换和表达三阶段，小句是各阶段的中枢单位，转换居全译的中枢环节，那么小句是全译中枢的中枢。

The center of adjusting the appetite in the body activities lies in the nervous system,the root cause of apositia is controlling disorder of the central nervous system,this sdudy intends to establish an animal model of apositia with the function of central inhibition according to the cause of disease to give some reference for pharmacological research of apositia.

因机体调节食欲的中枢在神经系统，厌食的根本原因在于中枢神经系统调控失常，故本研究拟建立符合致病原因的中枢抑制性厌食症动物模型，为厌食症的药理学研究提供参考依据。瘦素是肥胖基因的产物，是白色脂肪细胞分泌的一种由167个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质。

Essential hypertension caused by neurovascular compression of the left ventrolateral medulla was associated with malbalance of vasomotor center in the dorsal medulla. The possible pathogenesis was the following:① An irritation of the left RVLM by pulsatile compression of an ectatic vessel would increase activity of central sympathetic neuron.② Neurovascular compression at the REZ of the cranial nerves Ⅸ and Ⅹ decreased excitation of parasympathetic nerve.③ Decreased sensitivity of afferent inputs to neuron of nucleus tractus solitarii in the sensory area lead to hyperactivity of central sympathetic nervous system due to pulsatile compression of the left RVLM.④ Neurocompression of the left RVLM and REZ in the left cranial nerves Ⅸ and Ⅹ lead to an overactivity of central renin angiotensin system.

3，结论：左侧延髓腹外侧Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ动脉血管压迫所导致的高血压的发生与左侧延髓血管运动中枢对血压的调节失衡有关，其可能机制是：①左侧RVLM在搏动性血管压迫刺激下，中枢交感神经元活性增高；②左侧Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ受压导致副交感神经兴奋性降低；③感受区孤束核神经元接受迷走神经传入冲动的敏感性减低，导致中枢交感神经活性增高；④左侧RVLM及Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经REZ受压引起中枢RAS活性增加。

These results suggest that the activate spleen-energy method can achieve appetitive purpose by not only affecting the gastrointestinal tract function in periphery, but also regulating the process of ingestion in brain. The basic research about ingestion indicate: one hand, after food enters the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine cell of the intestinal tract is activated and secrete many kinds of brains intestines peptide, the level of the brain intestines peptide in blood as the periphery signal spreads to the central nervous system regions that control digest and feeding behavior. On the other hand, it has been shown that dorsal parabranchial neurons, containing CCK-8S, extend fibers to the VMH and are involved in the inhibition of feeding .

关于摄食控制的基础研究表明，一方面食物进入胃肠道后，激活肠道的内分泌细胞，分泌多种脑肠肽如CCK-8S，这些脑肠肽在血中的水平作为外周信号可通过&肠—脑轴&传入中枢神经系统介导消化和摄食行为的部位，影响摄食中枢神经元的活动调节动物的摄食行为；另一方面中枢神经元可合成释放内源性的神经肽直接作用于摄食中枢神经元调节摄食，如中枢鳃旁体神经元的神经纤维就可延伸到达VMH，并且合成释放内源性的CCK-8S。

We found late magnetic reaction waves in two hemisphere of these volunteers by hearing animal's names and plant's names and the left hemisphere waves were much differentiate than that of right hemisphere. The results showed that Sensory's area is located at middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus.Conclusions: Sensory's area of Chinese people coincidence with the classic language center, that is, Sensory's area of Chinese people is located at middle temporal gyrus,superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus.

结果：所有受试者听动脉名称、植物名称均在双侧大脑半球诱发出明显的晚发磁反应波，其中左侧大脑半球磁反应波分化较右侧大脑半球好，听觉性语言中枢定位于左侧颞中回、颞上回、缘上回，结论：母语为汉语的正常人听觉性语言中枢与经典的语言中枢基本相符，即听觉性语言中枢定位于左侧颞中回、颞上回、缘上回。

Central mechanism includes the direct influences on cardiovascular control center from respiratory center and the feedback effects from stretch receptors in the lung.

中枢机制主要是呼吸中枢对心血管控制中枢的直接影响以及肺牵张受器的回馈效应。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。