中期分裂

The reseach on activity changes of SOD, POD and CAT during the somatic embryogenesis of Y35 showed:(1) The activty of SOD was from 52.98 to 133.20 U·g-1·h-1, and remained a rising trend after early single embryo forming, this revealed that SOD might be positively correlated to the differentiation of embryogenic cell and the development of somatic embryo.(2) The activty of POD was from 0.05 to 0.50 U·mg-1·min-1, ascended firstly and desceded later, and was highest in embryogenic callus and lowest in late single embryo , this revealed that POD might be positively correlated to the division and differentiation of proembryo mass, while negatively correlated to the development of PEMⅢto late single embryo.(3) The activty of CAT was from 0.86 to 2.81 U·mg-1·min-1, showed an up-down-up trend, reaching to the highest peak at the time of early embryo formating and decreasing to the lowest at the time of early cotyledonary embryo formating, this revealed that CAT might be positively correlated to the development of early single embryo, while negatively correlated to the formation of middle single embryo and early cotyledonary embryo.The changes in activty of SOD, POD and CAT indicated these three antioxidant enzymes coregulated the differentiation and development of embryogenic cells during Larix somatic embryogenesis.4. Differentially expressed cDNA libraries of the stages of proembryo mass and somatic embryo maturation were successfully constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization.

对Y35体细胞胚胎发生过程中抗氧化酶活性变化的研究显示：(1)SOD活性在52.98~133.20 U·g-1·h-1之间，并在早期单胚形成后一直保持上升的趋势，表明其与胚性细胞的分化及体细胞胚的发育均具呈正相关；(2)POD活性在0.05~0.50 U·mg-1·min-1之间，呈现出先下降后升高的趋势，在胚性愈伤组织中最高，而在后期单胚形成时降至最低，表明其与原胚团的分裂和分化呈正相关，但与PEMⅢ向后期单胚的发育呈负相关；(3)CAT活性在0.86~2.81 U·mg-1·min-1之间，表现出升-降-升的变化趋势，在早期单胚形成时升至最高，在早期子叶胚形成时降至最低，表明其与早期单胚的发育呈正相关，而与中期单胚和早期子叶胚的发育呈负相关。

The fluorescence silgnal on Thr11-phorphoslated histone H3 reached the strongest at early metaphase at the centromere punctated in the central of mitotic cell.

结果显示：在MCF-7细胞中，组蛋白H3 Thr11的磷酸化发生在早前期细胞染色体的着丝粒处，成点状分布，继而在早中期达到最高水平，并眨羔状集中在赤道板上，在有丝分裂后期开始脱磷酸化，并于末期完成脱磷酸化。

Were analyzed under different nutritional levels. The results showed that in tuber development, under- or over-supply of nutrients reduced ZT content at initial stage and IAA, ABA and JA content at middle stage, but increased GA content in the whole process, which caused GA/ABA and GA/JA to be off balance in the key stage of tuberization.

结果表明，过低、过高的营养供给，降低了块茎发育前期细胞分裂素的含量，中期细胞生长素的含量以及促进块茎发育的脱落酸、茉莉酸含量，增加了各时期促进匍匐茎发生的赤霉素含量，导致在块茎形成和膨大的关键时期，GA/ABA和GA/JA比值失衡，抑制了块茎的正常发育。

Were analyzed under different nutritional levels. The results showed that in tuber development, under-or over-supply of nutrients reduced Zeatin content at initial stage and indole actic acid, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid content at middle stage, but increased gibberellins content in the whole process, which caused GA/ABA and GA/JA to be off balance in the key stage of tuberization.

结果表明，过低、过高的营养供给，降低了块茎发育前期细胞分裂素的含量，中期细胞生长素的含量以及促进块茎发育的脱落酸、茉莉酸含量，增加了各时期促进匍匐茎发生的赤霉素含量，导致在块茎形成和膨大的关键时期，GA/ABA和GA/JA比值失衡，抑制了块茎的正常发育。

Compared by middle-stage luteal cell, luteinized granulosa cells responded an increasion in PCNA even under hypoxic condition, which spoke for an important role of hypoxia in controlling the performance of cell proliferation. Similarity was proved between luteal cell and luteinized granulosa cells when it came to the performance of cell proliferation under a condition of hypoxia.

然而，意外地发现缺氧条件下黄体化粒性细胞之PCNA蛋白质表现量反而增加，此结果与中期黄体细胞之结果恰好相反，显示此时之细胞分裂旺盛而快速增生，与黄体发育初期之细胞生理相似，且缺氧条件可能扮演著重要的调控角色。

Cytologic results showed that chromosome numbers of root cell are 2n 56, and 28 bivalents can be observed at PMC MI in the six 8x Trititrigia.

细胞学鉴定结果表明，6个八倍体小偃麦的根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=56，花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅱ染色体构型为2n=28Ⅱ，具有高度的细胞学稳定性。

Its chromosome number was 42, and 21 bivalents could be observed at PMC MI. FISH analysis by using genomic DNAs from S. cereale and genomic DNAs from L.

染色体观察结果表明，山农030-1根尖染色体数目为42，花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ。

Under normal temperature (25-30℃), the process of pollen mother cell meiosis is normal; The most of chromosomes become bivalents which like "V","O","Y","X", sticks and dots, and mainly like dots,"V" and "O"; and a few of univalent (0.79% of Tainong 1 and 0 of Irwin) and multivalent (4.76% of Tainong 1 and 3.57% of Irwin) had been observed.

常温（25~30℃）条件下，花粉母细胞减数分裂过程较为正常，双线期染色体主要形成二价体，二价体构型以&V&型、&O&型、&Y&型、&X&型、点状和棒状等形式存在，并以点状、&V&型和&O&型较多见，出现少量的单价体和多价体，其中台农1号为0.79%和4.76%，Irwin为0和3.57%；同时仅在少量中期Ⅱ和后期Ⅱ花粉母细胞中观察到落后染色体。

Vulgaris and Beta M14 BAC clone 16-M11 and 26-L15 are florescence specific expression BAC of Beta M14, both BAC clone 16-M11 and 26-L15 were in situ hybridization to monosomic addition lines(2n=2x=18+1) M14 chromosomes, they were located on the long arm of corollinae chromosome 9. the dominant factor of BAC clone 16-M11 and 26-L15 appears to hemizygous, because no equivalent region has been found in sexual Beta.

选用这两个BAC克隆作为探针，对M14甜菜有丝分裂中期染色体组进行荧光原位杂交，结果发现，BAC克隆16-M11和26-L15定位于M14甜菜附加的一条白花甜菜9号染色体上，有性栽培甜菜染色体上没有出现信号，两个BAC克隆在M14甜菜中呈半合子状态，遗传行为象单价显性基因，是白花甜菜9号染色体特异的。

Results of study on the behaviour of pine nucleolus during the cell cycle suggested that part of the nucleolar substance, at least, entered the chromosome or attached to the chromosome surface during metaphase and was librated from chromosome to form a new nucleolus during anaphase in higher plants.

对松核仁细胞周期中变化的研究发现，在有丝分裂中期，至少部分核仁成分进入染色体内部或附着在染色体的表面，而在后期从染色体中出来形成新的核仁。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。