中小学的校长

The principal congratulated the honor roll students on their achievement.

校长对中小学优等学生名单中的学生取得的成绩表示祝贺。

Owing to the restriction of historical, geographic, economic and social factors, the quality of the local PMSL-I team is very poor, the lack of promotion and supervision system makes the situation even worse. The problems with the quality of PMSH are mainly as following: a small proportion of headmasters have poor morality; some are weak in educational theories; some fail to carry out properly the comprehensive quality education for the students and school daily management; some lack imitativeness and spirit of innovation.

河南省是全国第一人口大省，教育人口占全省总人数的27.7％，全省共有中小学校长53000人，由于受传统文化和经济发展水平的制约，加之当前政策对校长的素质要求偏低，缺乏相应的激励和监督机制，中小学校长培训形式化等原因，河南小中小学校长队伍的整体素质不高，与沿海经济和教育发达省市，与基础教育改革和发展的要求，与未来中小学校长应具备的素质之间存在明显的差距。

In this part ,how to evaluate the headmasters and how to manage the licensure and certification are illustrated.

在这一部分主要对如何评价中小学校长以及如何管理证照作了较详细的阐述。

Part one: The process of gaining licensure and certification for headmasters in America.

第一章 美国中小学校长获得证照的运作流程。

Part two: Evaluation and management system of licensure and certification for the headmasters in America.

第二章 美国中小学校长评价制度与证照的管理。

Part three: Characteristic analysis of licensure and certification institution for headmaster in America.

第三章 美国中小学校长证照制度的特点分析及其启示。

In this regard, understanding the characteristics of the principalship is the prerequisite of the research on qualifications of the principals.

本篇论文通过对中国中小学校长任职资格条件、主要职责、选拔方式等的历史考察，总结出中国中小学校长经历了单纯的监督者——保守的管理者——开拓型的经营者的历史过程。

Since the middle of 1980s, America has carried out School-Based Management energetically, which changed principal's role from administrative officer to managemental person, changed their duty from managing school to running school.

20世纪80年代中期以来，美国大力推行校本管理体制，这使中小学校长的角色由&行政官员&演变成了学校经营责任人，也使校长的职能由学校管理转向了学校经营。

Finally, measures and suggestions for solution were proposed aiming at these problems of secondary and primary school teachers in Wuchuan county . 1. Reform of the personnel distribution system and whole staff engagement system should be performed as soon as possible 2. System of selection of high and elementary schoolmasters should be reformed, perfecting schoolmaster responsibility system, reducing organization refinedly, compressing non-teaching personnel proportion, improving administration level of school. 3. Taking powerful measures to stabilize high and elementary school teacher"s team. 4. Executing "the Excellent Teacher Project of Century" to train all teachers, building teachers training mode according to current county"s practices and school"s characteristics to improve teachers" quality. 5. Increasing the adjustment for deployment and optimizing teachers resource configuration to improve the quality of elementary education. 6. Introducing talents actively and strengthening high school teacher team"s construction to satisfy the needs of the development of high school education.7. Strengthening teachers" moral education to improve teachers professional moral level.

最后，针对武川县中小学教师队伍中存在的这些问题，提出了解决的对策与建议：加快人事分配制度改革，全面推行教职工全员聘用制；改革中小学校长选拔任用制度，进一步完善&校长负责制&，精简机构，压缩非教学人员比例，提高学校的管理水平；切实采取各种有力措施，稳定中小学教师队伍；实施&跨世纪园丁&工程，进行全员教师培训，建立符合本县实际和学校特色的教师培训模式，提高教师队伍的整体素质；加大布局调整力度，优化教师资源配置，提高基础教育的质量；积极引进人才，加强高中教师队伍建设，以满足高中教育发展的需求；加强师德教育，提高教师的职业道德水平。

Almost 70% of primary and middle school teachers, and almost 70% of school headmasters and principals are SHNU graduates.

几乎70 ％的中小学教师，几乎70 ％的学校校长和校长SHNU毕业生。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。