中央政府

Before reform and opening-up, inter-governmental competition of our country, behave in the local government wanting the financial from central government , wanting the project , wanting the index and the so-called " inter-governmental system competition of recessiveness " respect mainly, on the whole the inter-governmental competition is scarce.

改革开放之前，我国政府间竞争，主要表现在地方政府向中央政府要财源、要项目、要指标以及所谓的"隐性的政府间制度竞争"方面，政府间竞争总体来说是缺乏的。

The CCFG is a kind of economical activity with positive externality, its final products offered -the ecological benefits belong to the pure public goods, the nature of the economical compensation is to internalize the externality of the CCFG, so an economical compensation mechanism should be established with the government playing a leading role. The compensation receivers should be not only peasant households but also the county-level authority that performs the project. Besides central government, the compensation payers should still include the provincial-level governments who implement the project, the provincial-level governments of those beneficiary areas of midstream and downstream of basin, international organizations, enterprises and individuals, etc. Multiple channels of raising funds for the program should be worked out and the practice method should be transformed. Thediversified compensation ways should be chosen. In reality, insufficient compensation is the normality, the cost compensation may have more maneuverability. The decision-maker should carry on proper adjustment to the compensation standard, taking into account the factors about the environment conditions, the social-economic conditions, the ecological function of vegetation, etc. and make out different compensation criterions for different areas and different levels. The author puts forward it should be kept the policy of financial subsidies to the farmers who reforest ecological forest for a long term, should prolong the compensation time frameworks to the farmers who reforest economical forest.

本文认为，退耕还林还草是一项具有正外部性的经济活动，其提供的最终产品—生态效益属典型公共产品，经济补偿的实质就是要实现这种外部性的内部化，故应构建以政府为主导的经济补偿机制；补偿对象除了退耕农户以外，还应包括实施退耕还林还草的县级政府；补偿主体除中央政府外，还需将退耕地区省级政府、流域中下游受益地区的省级政府、国际社会、企业和个人等纳入其中；多渠道筹措退耕还林还草补偿投入资金，切实转变经济补偿的运作方式；选择相互协调、相互补充的多样化补偿方式；现实中，不充分补偿是常态，实行成本补偿更具可操作性；应对补偿标准进行适当调整，在综合考虑退耕地区自然环境条件、社会经济状况以及林草植被的生态功能等多种因素的基础上，制定分区分级补偿标准：对还生态林应采取长期补偿政策，对还经济林也要适当延长补偿年限。

The first priority of the central government is to put these people to work before they become restive and uncontrollable, Meyer says.

所以中央政府的头等大事就是迅速解决这些人的就业问题，避免发生骚乱和局面失控。

In other words,it does not at least possess the appearance of"routinization".

1982宪法第三条第四款所规定的中央与地方关系乃是政策式的，并非真正的法律性的规定，即缺乏操作性，因此，实践中的中央与地方关系更多的是靠中央政府与地方政府的权力博奕。

All these problems weaken the central government, he says, and create an atmosphere for the rebels to try and secede.

所有这些问题削弱了中央政府，他说，创造一个叛军的气氛，试图脱离。

This study is based on the "Secessionism Model of Integrity "theory by Alexis Heraclides to examine the relations amongst the Aceh secession movement, the Indonesian government, and the international organizations. This thesis will discuss the following themes: the consolidation of the Acehness Islamic nationhood, the formation and development of the GAM, the influence of the Indonesian domestic policy and administration system, and the participation and influence of the NGOs.

本文采运用政治学者赫拉克里德斯所提出之「分离整合模式」（Secessionism Model of Integrity）理论，将本研究内容区分为分离主义运动、中央政府、国际环境等三个研究主体，以及「分离主义之形成」、「分离主义之发展」、「中央统治之影响」、「国际干预之影响」等四个研究层面。

The land market in self-examination, it is also the central government to focus on one of the places.

土地市场自省，这也是中央政府把重点放在一个地方。

The city has become the center of a power struggle between the Shiite-led central government and the semiautonomous Kurdish region in the north.

这座城市已经成了什叶派领导的伊拉克中央政府和北部半自治的库尔德人区之间进行权力争斗的中心。

It urges him to renounce separatism and return to the stand of patriotism and unity.

中央政府对达赖喇嘛的政策是一贯的，希望他放弃分裂，回到爱国统一的立场上来。

Nanjing Land Resource Bureau officials in Beijing said in an interview that the matter of the Central Government to find Shimonoseki more clearly.

南京市国土资源局官员在北京接受采访时说，这件事中央政府找到马关条约更清楚。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。