中壳

Different type idioplasm resources paddy rice adult plant character and paddy rice quality character overall outlineThe birth characteristic, adult plant shape, ear of character of idioplasm resources agronomic characters have the extremely remarkable difference, like weight of a thousand seeds change in 19.67-40.9g, in 18 kind of hull color by brown yellow variety most, in 9 kind of awn colors are most by the achromatic color.

不同类型种质资源水稻植株性状及稻米品质性状的总体概述种质资源水稻的生育特性、植株形态、穗部性状等农艺性状均具有极显著的差异性，如千粒重变化在19.67-40.9g，18种颖壳色中以褐斑黄色样本数最多，9种稃尖色中以无色最多。

Because the shell albuminoid can decompose histidine,lysine etc 18 types of amino acids and taurine through the biological enzyme of digestion liquid and sweat liquid in human body (equivalent to the chemical catalyst).

因为壳角蛋白通过人体中的消化液和汗液中的生物酶的作用可分解为组氨酸、赖氨酸等18种氨基酸及牛磺酸。

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Object displays various pattern, if superficial, or geometry being hit by the planet and the fixed star in anthodium , snowflake , shell helix or sky in animal skin , leaf or bark arranges middle.

事物呈现出各种图案，如在动物皮、树叶或树皮的表面上，或在头状花序、雪花、壳的螺旋或天空中行星和恒星的几何排列中。

Different DNA constructs were introduced into the decapsulated cysts of Artemia by electroporation under 2KV, 20 μsec pulse length, 20 number of pulses and a DNA concentration of 20μg/μl in a volume of 100μl.

不同的构筑质体经由电穿孔法，被导入经去壳处理后的丰年虾休眠卵中，在2千伏特、20微秒的脉冲波长度、20次的脉冲数和在100微升的体积中DNA浓度为每微升20微克的设定条件下。

Here have formed in about 14 million years ago to 3 million years between the Mesoproterozoic Jixian System Yunmeng Mountain Group - Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation, exposed systems and complete; has Archaean - Early Mesoproterozoic basement, but also has the typical structure of relics, such as the basement Archaean gneissic complex structure, Early Mesoproterozoic supracrustal rocks at the end of secluded fornix structure, super-nappe cover, ductile shear zone tectonics, ductile - brittle deformation structure of brittle fault cleft construction, single-sided Hill Construction, as well as the cap structure of the collapse, landslides and other structure.

这里有形成于距今约14亿年～3亿年间的中元古界蓟县系云梦山组—上石炭统太原组地层，出露系统而完整；有太古界—早元古界基底，还有典型的构造遗迹，诸如基底太古界片麻杂岩构造，早元古界表壳岩的底僻穹窿构造，盖层的超覆构造，韧性剪切带构造，韧-脆性变形构造，脆性断裂构造，单面山构造，以及盖层中的垮塌构造，滑坡构造等。

In comparison with bugle shaped nozzle, bifurcated nozzle downward jet angle 45°, cow-nose nozzle and three-hole nozzle, in all, the last two are better than the former and bifurcated nozzle downward jet angle 45 is better than bugle shaped nozzle; Cow-nose nozzle is helpful for guaranteeing the product's quality, in order to protect jet flow from eroding the strand at narrow face, gain uniform temperature distribution at cross section and decrease heat flux, adding the block's width to 100 mm. Three-hole nozzle is advantageous to increase flux and casting speed, but should avoid weak shell thickness in the center broad. In the real production, setting the SEN's immersed depth or plugging the hole at the bottom can adjust the flow and temperature distribution in the mold.

对比喇叭形水口，双侧孔水口(45°)，牛鼻子水口和三孔水口，总的说来后两者优于前两者；而双侧孔水口(45°)又优于喇叭形水口；牛鼻子水口和三孔水口比较各有特点，前者对保证铸坯质量有利，为防止流股对窄面的冲击，增加挡块宽度到100 mm，可使结晶器横截面上温度分布更加均匀，降低窄面热负荷；后者对增加流量，提高拉速非常有利，但要防止中孔射流过强导致铸坯中心坯壳变薄，在实际生产中可通过控制水口浸入深度或塞住浸入式水口的底孔来调节结晶器中的流动与温度分布状态。

In comparison with bugle shaped nozzle, bifurcated nozzle downward jet angle 45°, cow-nose nozzle and three-hole nozzle, in all, the last two are better than the former and bifurcated nozzle downward jet angle 45 is better than bugle shaped nozzle; Cow-nose nozzle is helpful for guaranteeing the product"s quality, in order to protect jet flow from eroding the strand at narrow face, gain uniform temperature distribution at cross section and decrease heat flux, adding the block"s width to 100 mm. Three-hole nozzle is advantageous to increase flux and casting speed, but should avoid weak shell thickness in the center broad. In the real production, setting the SENs immersed depth or plugging the hole at the bottom can adjust the flow and temperature distribution in the mold.

对比喇叭形水口，双侧孔水口(45°)，牛鼻子水口和三孔水口，总的说来后两者优于前两者；而双侧孔水口(45°)又优于喇叭形水口；牛鼻子水口和三孔水口比较各有特点，前者对保证铸坯质量有利，为防止流股对窄面的冲击，增加挡块宽度到100 mm，可使结晶器横截面上温度分布更加均匀，降低窄面热负荷；后者对增加流量，提高拉速非常有利，但要防止中孔射流过强导致铸坯中心坯壳变薄，在实际生产中可通过控制水口浸入深度或塞住浸入式水口的底孔来调节结晶器中的流动与温度分布状态。

During spontaneous induction, excision of prophage is usually exact.

在自发诱导过程中，前噬菌体的切离通常是很精确的，但偶尔一段噬菌体基因组会留在细菌拟核中，而一小段细菌DNA则随着噬菌体基因组脱离拟核并复制，然后装配入噬菌体的衣壳中。

Results showed that low contents of Cd has promotion effect on Oryza Sativa, but high contents of Cd has not obvious restrain on it. The total trend of distribution of Cd in Oryza Sativa is root＞stem＞shell＞rice. The relation between Cd contents in rice and total Cd in soil as well as availability Cd in soil has been investigated. The result showed that both the total Cd and the availability Cd had notably correlation with content of Cd to rice, and the critical point were CaCl2-Cd=0.71mg/kg, DTPA-Cd=1.34 mg/kg, EDTA-Cd=0.76 mg/kg, NH4OAc-Cd=0.77 mg/kg.

研究表明：低浓度的镉对水稻生长稍有促进作用，高浓度的镉对其生长并没有明显的抑制作用；镉在水稻植株中总的分布趋势为根＞茎＞稻壳＞糙米；用4种有效态提取剂（0.1 mol/L CaCl2、DTPA、0.05 mol/L EDTA和1 mol/L NH4OAc）浸提出的有效态镉的含量和土壤中镉总量与水稻糙米中镉含量均达到显著相关水平，并确定了它们的临界值分别为CaCl2-Cd=0.71 mg/kg， DTPA-Cd=1.34 mg/kg， EDTA-Cd=0.76 mg/kg， NH4OAc-Cd=0.77 mg/kg。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。