中国

However, during New Trend '85, Gu Wenda differentiated himself from most artists of Chinese Painting of the time and showed his contemporary consciousness by experimenting on traditional ink painting materials and techniques. This brought out a new possibility for the contemporaneity of Chinese Painting. Since then, unremitting efforts have been made to "modernize" Chinese Painting through traditional abstract elements like ink-wash and Calligraphy. These efforts streamed into a new trend called "modern ink"(or "abstract ink","experimental ink") in late 1980's, though seemed not widely acknowledged for its resemblance to Abstract Expressionism of 1960's and 1970's American art. What is interesting is that while some artists are endeavoring to "westernize" their art, a new trend grouped as "Neo-literati Painting" appears with very traditional form and mood. This can be explained as a group of people's resistance to the reformation of traditional culture as well as their nostalgia to traditional ideals. However, this school tends to be artificial for the absence of the particular context, and the expression with traditional brushwork is also regionally limited. Of all the efforts of reformation, Chinese Painting that accordingly adopts the tradition heads the list because of the cultural identification of the big number of population and greater market as a result of the economic growth of China. Meanwhile, the immense conservative inertia of traditional Chinese culture can also be detected.

在"现代艺术"风起云涌的"85新潮"中，谷文达以传统水墨的材料和方法表达出不同于当时大多数中国画艺术家们这种文化心态和文化认知的现代意识，为中国画的现代性提供了一种方案；以水墨、还有选择中国传统书法的抽象因素等可能来进行现代性探索，一直是中国画连绵的努力，在80年代后期汇聚成"现代水墨"（又或曰"抽象水墨"、"实验水墨"），是中国画的又一流向，但是不是没有脱离60、70年代美国的"抽象主义"意义，反而还有了拾人牙慧之嫌，所以始终难以获得更大的认可和成功；很有趣的是，与此"西化"流向同时的，还有以非常传统的方式出现的"新文人画"潮流，或许可以把这看着是部分中国文化人在中国以西方为参照的新文化背景下对之的抵制，对传统理想的怀念和诉求，但由于已经失去了其语境和环境，"新文人画"显得娇情和造作，而且这种以非常地域化的传统笔墨语言来表现的方式也失去了更为普遍化的可能；反而是延续传统一脉的国画，由于有巨大的人数基础的本土文化的认同，在中国经济发展后有了更大的市场，所以还是蔚然为中国画的一大潮向，从这也可以看到中国文化承传的保守性的力量。

In a paper entitled "China's Participation in Global Environment Negotiations" published this October, economists Tian Huifang and John Whalley described the long-term outlook for China's emissions. They predict that by 2010 China will account for 21.1% of global emissions and overtake the United States with its predicted rate of 20.1%. In 2020, China's emissions are predicted to be 23.9% of the global total, with the United States accounting for 18.8%.

经济学家Huifang Tian以及John Whalley在今年10月出版的论文《China's Participation In Global Environment Negotiations》里描述了中国排放量的增长远景，他们认为中国在2010年达到全世界碳排放的21.1%，而美国届时是20.1%，中国将首次超过美国；2020年中国将达到23.9%，美国则是18.8%；2030年中国达到26.2%，美国是18.5%。

Following the above market positioning, principles of developing the corporate bond market in China will be suggested in relation to market-oriented principles, rule of law, industrial regulations, adaptative innovations within China situations and International standards, market advancement and sustainability, coordination between economic policy and macro-economic development, etc.

按照上述总体设想和政策定位，本文通过对中国公司债券市场历史沿革、发展状况以及存在问题进行实证分析，提出了中国发展公司债券市场的基本原则：市场化原则、法治化原则、规范化原则、立足国情与国际惯例逐步接轨相结合原则、适应性创新原则、循序渐进与可持续发展原则、贯彻经济政策与宏观经济协调发展原则；分别构筑了建立和完善多层次的公司债券发行市场和流通市场的体系架构；为解决当前中国公司债券发行市场存在的8大问题，提出了10项具体对策措施；针对当前中国公司债券流通市场发展缓慢的现实，提出了建立和完善中国公司债券流通市场的具体模式和实施步骤。

We urge Paris to face up to the public opinion of the Chinese people, heed their voices and take concrete actions to correct the wrongdoing. It should stop all moves interfering in China's internal affairs and affronting the Chinese people, thus creating necessary conditions and atmosphere for the exchanges and cooperation between Paris and Chinese cities.

我们要求巴黎市方面正视中国民意，重视中国民间的呼声，以实际行动立即纠正错误，停止一切干涉中国内政和冒犯中国人民的行为，从而为巴黎市同中国有关地方城市之间的交往与合作创造必要的条件和氛围。

The influence of regional culture to Donggan literature have three facets:literary language,folk custom,effects of writer. Donggan literature under infulunce of regional culture has enlightment singnificance for study of world literature of China.As far as second part is concerned, Middle-Asia Donggan literature and Chinese Hui literature have common cultural oringin.Their development are different directions of Chinese ancient Hui literature.To analyze the common images of two nationalities,such as "moon","cattle" and"Ahong",we can see the relationship between them.We also have new opions of two nationalities\' development,if we take their literature as mutual refrence system. There are comparability between Middle-Asia Donggan literature of Chinese origin and literature of Russian emigrants in China ,though they have geographical long-distance. Chinese culture and Russian culture have influenced these two literature.They can not only display profound influence of Russian culture and Chinese culture collision,but also display various artistic forms of Russian literature and Chinese literature exchang in the 20th century.

就下编内容具体而言，中亚东干族的文学和中国回族的文学有共同的文化渊源，它们是中国古代回族文学在20世纪以来发展的两个不同向度，解读两族文学中共有的&月亮&、&牛&、&阿訇&意象，能发现两族文学间千丝万缕的联系，如果以互为参照系的方式观照两族文学，我们还会对两族文学的发展产生全新的理解；中国俄裔侨民作家群和中亚华裔东干作家群虽然地理上相隔遥远，但他们的文学存在可比性，中国俄裔侨民文学与中亚华裔东干文学都受中国文化和俄罗斯文化影响，这两个侨民作家群的文学不仅能显示中、俄文化碰撞对20世纪侨民文学的发展影响深远，也能显示20世纪的中、俄文学交流存在多种艺术形式；美国非裔黑人文学与中亚华裔东干文学虽然分属于不同的文化谱系，但存在可比性。

The influence of regional culture to Donggan literature have three facets:literary language,folk custom,effects of writer. Donggan literature under infulunce of regional culture has enlightment singnificance for study of world literature of China.As far as second part is concerned, Middle-Asia Donggan literature and Chinese Hui literature have common cultural oringin.Their development are different directions of Chinese ancient Hui literature.To analyze the common images of two nationalities,such as "moon","cattle" and"Ahong",we can see the relationship between them.We also have new opions of two nationalities\' development,if we take their literature as mutual refrence system. There are comparability between Middle-Asia Donggan literature of Chinese origin and literature of Russian emigrants in China ,though they have geographical long-distance. Chinese culture and Russian culture have influenced these two literature.They can not only display profound influence of Russian culture and Chinese culture collision,but also display various artistic forms of Russian literature and Chinese literature exchang in the 20th century.

就下编内容具体而言，中亚东干族的文学和中国回族的文学有共同的文化渊源，它们是中国古代回族文学在20世纪以来发展的两个不同向度，解读两族文学中共有的&月亮&、&牛&、&阿訇&意象，能发现两族文学间千丝万缕的联系，如果以互为参照系的方式观照两族文学，我们还会对两族文学的发展产生全新的理解；中国俄裔侨民作家群和中亚华裔东干作家群虽然地理上相隔遥远，但他们的文学存在可比性，中国俄裔侨民文学与中亚华裔东干文学都受中国文化(来源：A82BacC论文网www.abclunwen.com)和俄罗斯文化影响，这两个侨民作家群的文学不仅能显示中、俄文化碰撞对20世纪侨民文学的发展影响深远，也能显示20世纪的中、俄文学交流存在多种艺术形式；美国非裔黑人文学与中亚华裔东干文学虽然分属于不同的文化谱系，但存在可比性。

Our company is the Director in China Steel Structure Association Building Branch, the Associator in China Architecture Metal Structure Association Architecture Steel Structure Branch, the Director in Shanghai Metal Structure Association and the Director in China Mechanism General Parts Industry Association.

从一九九六起，公司先后加入中国建筑金属结构协会、中国房屋建筑钢结构协会、中国紧固件标准化技术委员会、中国机械通用零部件工业协会、中国钢结构协会锅炉分会、上海市金属结构协会、上海对外经济贸易协会成为团体会员或理事单位。

Based on the definition of desertification from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification,the potential extent of desertification in China was revised by employing Thornthweite＇s and Penman＇s formulae to calculate humidity index using the records of 671 meteorological stations from 1950 to 1990,and the biogeographical features of the climate types were clarified.

为了客观反映中国荒漠化发生区域，按照联合国防治荒漠化《公约》的定义，利用1950—1990年间全国671个气象站的长时间序列气象数据，分别采用Thornthwaite和Penman计算可能蒸散量的方法计算了湿润指数的分布，然后根据中国气候区划和中国植被区划以及中国荒漠化发生的特点等对计算结果进行了调整，对中国荒漠化潜在发生范围进行了修订，明确了荒漠化各气候类型区的地理涵义。

Guangdong Foretech Investment Consultants Co. Ltd （the qualified number: ZX0025）, was founded in August, 1995, is the one of the first security investment consultatory institutions that authenticated by Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission. Also, Foretech is the first company that was authorized to provide security investment consultatory services by adopting the quality control system-- ISO9001, and it is the only company approved by international professional identification in China so far. Foretech had been awarded "the national demonstrative company for quality, service and faith " in 2005,"the recognized database brand" in 2006,"AAA-class service quality corporation in the investment consultatory services industry" in 2006 and 2007,"the demonstrative company for customer service" in 2006 and 2007,"the prominent company for social responsibility" in 2006 and 2007, as well as "The top 100 good faith corportion in Guangzhou" in 2008, notably, this honor has been rewarded Foretech for 5 years consecutivly.

广东科德投资顾问有限公司成立于1995年8月，是首批经过中国证监会认证的证券投资咨询机构（资格证号：ZX0025）和国内首家通过ISO9001质量管理体系认证的具有证券投资咨询资格的公司，也是迄今为止国内唯一通过国际专业认证的证券咨询公司，并在2005年获得了&全国质量、服务、诚信示范单位&、2006年&中国名优数据库知名商标&、2006年&中国名优数据库优秀企业&、 2006年-2007年&全国证券投资咨询行业质量服务信誉AAA级单位&、&2006-2007年中国广州客户服务优质示范单位&、&2006-2007年广东省社会责任杰出贡献单位&、2008年&连续五年中国广州最具诚信度百强企业&等称誉。

Considering the historical transition and the feature of modernity of the western philosophical theme,the understanding and construction of the ultimateness,infinity,integrity and non-substantiality and so on of Tao in China's philosophy not only provides the most powerful demonstration for the contemporariness of China's philosophy,but also offers boundless possibility for the visual threshold of the question of the fusion of China's philosophy into contemporary philosophy.

如果从&世界主义&的视角，把&合法性&理解为&合时性&的话，那么&现代性&问题的实质，就是作为原创性的历史存在的中国哲学，能否融入当代哲学主题，并参与当代哲学建构的问题。为使讨论相对集中，本文试从西方哲学主题的历史转换和具有现代性的问题境域入手，解读中国哲学的现代性问题，希望能够从中找到中国哲学&合法性&或&合时性&的内在根据，以挺立中国哲学的民族主体性，并展示中国哲学的世界性、现代性和独特价值。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。