中后期

As compared with the traditional irrigation-traditional fertilization, the following results of the improved optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization were obtained: significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency; the like tiller number per unit area, percentage of the tiller ear number/the tiller number, the ear number per unit area, the greatly reduced grain number per ear, and significantly heavier weight of 1, 000 grains; a trifle taller plants; shorter base internode length, a bit more weight per unit internode length, longer internode length under ear; almost the same LAI values in middle and later stages; coincident process of dry matter accumulation from straight growth onwards, a little more dry matter accumulation amount from earing to maturity; a little longer flag leaf, 2〓 leaf, 3〓 leaf (but the three leaves were shorter than those of the optimized irrigation-traditional fertilization) and shorter 4〓 leaf from top, a bit reduced total area of these leaves; almost the same leaf thickness, mean canopy leaf tilt angle, light extinction coefficient , ratio of light penetration in the upper, middle and lower parts of the wheat canopy, and fair plant type; almost the same senescence process of flag leaf; and increased root amount in 0-120cm soil layer and smaller rate of progressive decrease of the root length density and root weight density with soil getting deep, which can strengthen the resistance to adverse conditions such as water stress in the later stage.

在优化水肥条件下，冬小麦总分蘖数、成穗率及单位面积穗数与传统水肥比较接近，但穗粒数显著减少，千粒重显著提高；株高稍有增加；基部节间长度缩短，充实度略微增高，穗下节间增长；中后期LAI与传统水肥的LAI值基本吻合；起身至成熟干物质积累量动态变化过程与传统水肥十分接近，但抽穗至成熟所形成的干物质量增加；上三叶变长（但上三叶长度增加幅度小于优化灌溉-传统施肥处理），倒4叶变短，总叶面积略有减少；叶片厚度、冠层平均叶倾角、消光系数、冠层各层的透光率与传统水肥差异很小，株型较好；旗叶叶绿素含量动态变化与传统水肥十分接近；0-120cm土层的总根量明显增加，上层根群和深层根群的差异最小，有利于提高小麦后期的抗逆力。

As compared with the traditional irrigation-traditional fertilization, the following results of the improved traditional irrigation-optimized fertilization were obtained: reduced tiller number per unit area, lower percentage of the tiller ear number/the tiller number, the decreased ear number per unit area, the greatly reduced grain number per ear (1999-2000) and like weight of 1, 000 grains; almost the same plant height; shorter base internode length, a bit more weight per unit internode length, longer internode length under ear; lower LAI values in middle and later stages; coincident process of dry matter accumulation from straight growth onwards, a little more dry matter accumulation amount from earing to maturity; shorter and thicker flag leaf, 2〓 leaf, 3〓 leaf and 4〓 leaf from top, reduced total area of these leave; bigger mean canopy leaf tilt angle, smaller light extinction coefficient , higher ratio of light penetration in the upper, middle and lower parts of the wheat canopy, and tighter plant type; almost identical dynamic change of flag leaf chlorophyll content; and almost the same root amount in 0-120cm soil layer, smaller rate of progressive decrease of the root length density and root weight density with soil getting deep and relatively increased root amount in deeper soil layers.

在传统灌溉-优化施肥条件下，冬小麦单位面积总分蘖数比传统水肥减少，成穗率降低，单位面积穗数有所减少，穗粒数、千粒重无显著性差异；株高基本无变化；基部节间长度缩短，充实度略微增高，穗下节间增长；中后期叶面积指数略低于传统水肥；起身至成熟干物质积累量动态变化过程与传统水肥十分接近，但抽穗至成熟形成的干物质量增加；旗叶、倒2叶倒3叶、倒4叶叶长及总叶面积有所减少，叶片相对增厚；冠层平均叶倾角大，消光系数小，冠层各层的透光率较高，株型紧凑；旗叶叶绿素含量动态变化与传统水肥十分接近；0-120cm土层总根量与传统水肥也差异不大，但根长密度和根重密度随土层深度递减速度较慢，根系在下层土壤的分布相对增多。

This interpretation tradition changed by reason of the difficulties in theory and practice after the mid of last century.

但是在上个世纪中后期，这种客观主义的解释传统因为理论和实践上的双重困境而发生转向。

Therefore, as to the reason of the formation of Chinese society in Southeast region of China, especially the prevalent hypothesis that Hakka in the abutted region among Min, Yue and Gan was from Central Regions, a possible explanation may be that, after the large-scale turbulences in the abutted region among Min, Yue and Gan had been appeased in Ming dynasty, social reorganization occurred in this region. just at this stage, the groups of the region went through a re-choice to the ethnical identity, these choice affected the ethnohistory or writing of groups since middle period of Ming dynasty.

因此笔者认为，对于中国东南汉人社会的形成，尤其是闽粤赣毗邻区的客家人普遍的中原南来说盛行的一个可能的解释是，在明代闽粤赣毗邻区大规模动乱平息之后，闽粤赣毗邻区处于社会重组的阶段，正是在这一阶段，其人群亦经历了一次族群身份确认的过程，而这影响了明中后期以后长期的族群撰述，反映在闽粤赣毗邻区的地方文献中，则是对畲民典范书写的确立，它反过来又约束了人们对族群的选择与改造。

The Paper probed into the process of arriving, settling, occupying, assimilating and acculturating of Irish immigrants.

本文着重探讨了 19 世纪中后期美国爱尔兰移民的到来、定居、就业及与美国主流社会发生的冲突、适应过程。

The author made clear the population of first generation of army migration in Yunnan is about 800000 who were main component of Han migration. Most of them entered into Yunnan in early days of Ming. They resided and distributed by garrison troops opening up wasteland and growing food grain. The second kind of migration was exiled in Yunnan. They had many populations in Ming. The author also considering there weren't that the businessman conscribed cosmically farmers and moved to Yunnan opening up wasteland and growing food grain.

特别是对军事移民的时间、方式、组织形式、军籍制度及其人口的发展等作了细致考察，基本弄清汉族军事移民第一代人口数约八十余万，是汉族移民的主流，他们主要在明代初期进入，明代中后期三征麓川和反对缅甸洞吾王朝侵扰时应有部分军队留屯云南；第二大类移民是罪徙移民，即贬谪安置或充军人口，终明一代都有大量的这类移民进入云南，只是没有确切的史料依据，对其数量难以考说。

There were different degree desquamated phenomena on forged steel backup roll of heavy and medium plate mill at the back period of its use and thus bring about much more wastage on the mill roll than before.

中厚板轧机上的锻钢支撑辊在使用中后期出现不同程度的剥落现象，致使轧辊损耗加快。

here were different degree desquamated phenomena on forged steel backup roll of heavy and medium plate mill at the back period of its use and thus bring about much more wastage on the mill roll than before.

中厚板轧机上的锻钢支撑辊在使用中后期出现不同程度的剥落现象，致使轧辊损耗加快。

The Chinese invented to use the person first the 痘痂 skin inoculates with the prevention smallpox, and at 15 centuries in the in the late Ming Dynasty 隆 celebrates the year have to compare to improve greatly, and get the extensive application.

中国人首先发明了用人痘痂皮接种以预防天花，并且在十五世纪中后期的明朝隆庆年间有较大改进，并得到广泛的应用。

The author of this thesis holds that Chi Li"s early works tend to pursue a "fresh poetic life." From the mid-80s to mid-90s, in a series of works including A Life Full of Troubles, she presented the true life of the ordinary citizens in minute details. Thus "intoning the troubles of life became the motif of her works.

池莉早期创作有对清新&诗意人生的寻觅&。20世纪80年代中后期到90年代初中期，作家在其《烦恼人生》等系列作品中，细微地刻画了市民日常生活的原生态，&烦恼人生的咏叹&成为其作品的母题。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。