中古的

A number of topics will be incorporated into the broad chronological sweep of the course, including: the Germanic conquest of the ancient Mediterranean world; the rise of a distinct northern culture and the Carolingian Renaissance; the emergence of feudalism and the breakdown of political order; contact with the Byzantine and Islamic East and the Crusading movement; the quality of religious life; the vitality of the high medieval economy and culture; and the catastrophes of the fourteenth century.

课程的编排顺序大致分成几个主题：日尔曼民族之征服古地中海世界；独立的北方文化兴起与加洛林王朝的文艺复兴；封建制度的崛起与政治秩序的瓦解；与拜占庭、伊斯兰东方之接触及十字军运动；宗教生活的特色；中古世纪经济和文化的活力；以及十四世纪的巨灾。

Second, From the internal comparison of linzhang dialect,I find that the difference from east to west is smaller and the difference is larger from south to north ,particularly the southern Zhanghe is affected by vicinity dialects, the tail is abundant and the suffixation of the northen Zhanghe is increasing under the influence of the Standard Chinese. The exterior comparison includes the comparison of the linzhang dialect vocabulary to that of the vicinity and that of the Standard Chinese. The comparison with the vicinity dialects reveals the ralationship of the Linzhang dialects with the vicinity dialects and inquire into its reason. Third, Through the comparison between the dialect and the Standard Chinese from the aspects of sallable, morpheme,affixation, I reveal the vocabulary-made characteristics of the Linzhang dialect---- to have abundant affix. Last, we divide the vocabulary in the Linzhang dialect into the Ancient Chinese words,the Medieval Chinese words,the Modern Chinese words,the Modern Chinese words by the historical view.

漳河北受普通话影响比较大，儿化现象比较突出；外部比较主要通过临漳与周围县，如安阳、魏县、磁县、成安县等，方言词汇的比较以及与普通话词汇的比较，揭示了临漳方言与周围县方言的亲疏关系，并探讨了其原因； 3、临漳方言词汇的构词特点，主要从构词的角度，从音节、语素、附加式构成几个方面与普通话进行了比较，突出了临漳方言词汇词缀构词的特点； 4、临漳方言词汇的历史层次是从汉语史的角度对词汇进行的分类研究，从词汇产生的时代划分出上古汉语词汇、中古汉语词汇、近代汉语词汇以及现代汉语词汇。

The last angle of this paper was discussing the function of Buddhist Monasteries in Dunhuang area during the mediaeval times , analyzing the relationship between Dunhuang Buddhist Monasteries and various social stratums, different nationalities and so on, uncovering the function to the Government of Guiyijun and the social life of common people in Dunhuang and even Hexi area, manifesting the characteristic of its earthliness as the religious opening space of social populace, showed the infiltration Buddhism performed in the public business, and making new beneficial attempt to elucidate the social function of Buddhist.

本文研究的另一视角系探讨敦煌僧寺在中古敦煌地区的活动情况，与不同阶层、不同民族人群的关系，从而展示其在敦煌乃至河西地区世俗政权、下层民众社会生活中的作用，凸现其作为社会群众的宗教性场所的人间性与世俗性的特征，全面体现佛教对世俗社会事务的渗透，并对佛教的社会功能的诠释上做出新的有益的尝试。

Although his conception of history was feudally historical idealism, Xun Zi carried on and developed Confucius'thought of ruling the state with proprieties and ceremonies; he criticized and absorbed those scholars'thoughts in pre-Qin times; he made a thorough research into the deep intension of the propriety and ceremony system from humane and historic angle, meanwhile he expanded the system's extension from the latitude of society, politics, human life, and m...

尽管其历史观具有浓厚的唯心主义色彩，但是他继承并发展了孔子儒家以礼治国的思想，批判总结先秦诸子思想又多有融合，从人文和历史的高度挖掘礼仪制度的深层蕴涵，从社会、政治、人生、道德等纬度全面开拓礼仪制度的广泛外延，从而构筑了博大精深的儒家礼学思想体系，奠定了上古殷周文化模式向中古封建文化模式转型的理论基础。

Although his conception of history was feudally historical idealism, Xun Zi carried on and developed Confucius＇ thought of ruling the state with proprieties and ceremonies; he criticized and absorbed those scholars＇ thoughts in pre-Qin times; he made a thorough research into the deep intension of the propriety and ceremony system from humane and historic angle, meanwhile he expanded the system＇ s extension from the latitude of society, politics, human life, and morality.

尽管其历史观具有浓厚的唯心主义色彩，但是他继承并发展了孔子儒家以礼治国的思想，批判总结先秦诸子思想又多有融合，从人文和历史的高度挖掘礼仪制度的深层蕴涵，从社会、政治、人生、道德等纬度全面开拓礼仪制度的广泛外延，从而构筑了博大精深的儒家礼学思想体系，奠定了上古殷周文化模式向中古封建文化模式转型的理论基础。

Shenzhen Ying Xing Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., mainly engaged in second-hand medieval Samsung SMT equipment sales and the sale of original spare parts, equipment maintenance services and other SMT equipment, consumables (SMT nozzle, filter cotton, FEEDER accessories), etc. companies have engaged in more than Samsung SMT sales and maintenance services to up to 7 years Senior Equipment Engineer, after several years of development, Ying Xing Electronics to quality products, perfect service and reasonable price to win the trust of their clients, customers nationwide coverage.

深圳市颖星电子科技有限公司，主要经营三星二手中古贴片机设备销售及原装配件的买卖，设备保养维修服务和其它SMT设备的易耗品（SMT吸嘴，过滤棉，FEEDER配件）等，公司有多名从事三星贴片机销售人员及维修服务达7年以上高级设备工程师，经过几年的发展，颖星电子公司以优质的产品，完善的服务及合理的价格赢得广大客户的信赖，客户覆盖全国。

" The Greek military leader and historian Xenophon, who served with Greek mercenaries in Persia, first used the Greek word paradeisos adopted from the Avestan word to refer to the Persian kings' and nobles' parks or pleasure grounds. This Greek word extended to mean "garden" or "orchard was an obvious choice for translators of the Bible into Greek to use both for the Garden of Eden and the Abode of the Blessed, or heaven. The Greek word was adopted into Late Latin and was used much as we might expect in its biblical senses in ecclesiastical Latin. The Old English word paradis taken from Latin is found, but our word probably really established itself in Middle English (first recorded before 1200), derived both from Latin and from Old French, which had adopted the word from Latin. paradise.

曾随希腊雇佣军到波斯服役的希腊军事将领和历史学家色诺芬，首先使用了希腊语词paradeisos，，该词采用了阿维斯陀词，指波斯国王和贵族们的花园或游乐场，这个希腊词衍生到表示&花园&或&果园&，显然是译者在把《圣经》翻译成希腊文时所做出的选择，以用来表明伊甸园和天国或天堂，有这两种含义的希腊词被引入后期的拉丁语中且当它们在教会拉丁文（后期拉丁语paradisus 中意为《圣经》方面的意义时被更广泛地使用，古英语paradis 一词来自拉丁文，但我们用的这个词可能在中古英语（首次记录在1200年前）中真正确立了起来，人们发现它源于拉丁文和从拉丁文中采纳了这个词的古法语

We can said Humanism is the characteristic of early Renaissance. Through re-find the human being and the world to get out of the darkness Middle Ages, then get into a New Century.

换言之，文艺复兴的早期艺术共同的特色是世俗化的人文主义精神的呈现，透过「人的再发现」与「世界的再发现」，摆脱了黑暗的中古世纪，迎向一个全新的艺术与文化的发展境界。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。