中值

Tautologies and F-Tautologies in some lattice valued logic systems whose truth-value lattice are products of lattice implication algebra are discussed. As examples,α-Tautologies and F-Tautologies in lattice valued logic systems L〓P and L〓P are discussed in detail.

本文分析讨论了基于格蕴涵代数直积的格值逻辑系统中的α-重言式和F-重言式，作为两个实例，详细讨论了两个格值逻辑系统L〓P和L〓P中的重言式和F-重言式的结构。

Bamboo charcoal powder was added to fresh pork sausage with 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% w/w, respectively. The products were packaged with plastic film, and randomly sampled on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 while refrigerated or on months 0, 1, 2 and 3 of frozen storage. The moisture content, pH value, color, TBA value and total plate counts were analyzed.

试验中分别添加0、0.1、0.3或0.5%之竹炭粉於生鲜猪肉香肠中，制品经保鲜膜包装后於4℃冷藏或－18℃冻藏，且於冷藏第0、3、6、9、12及15天或冻藏第0、1、2及3个月时，逢机取样分析其水分、pH值、色泽、TBA值及总生菌数。

Secondly, more and more researchers have found that the change of ST segment in Electrocardiogram has close relations to the majority of the cardiovascular disease, so electrocardiogram signal pretreatment methods, including 4 point averaging filter, slide averaging filter, first difference, second difference, have been designed; With this foundation, detection method based on the second difference variable threshold to detect R wave in electrocardiogram has been designed, and heart rate has been calculated accurately.

其次，由于越来越多的研究者发现心电图中的 ST 段的变化与大多数心血管疾病都有着紧密的联系，因此，本课题设计了心电信号预处理方法，包括 4 点平均滤波、滑动平均滤波、一阶差分、二阶差分等；在此基础上，设计了基于二阶差分可变阀值检测方法来检测心电波形中的 R 波，计算出了较为准确的心率值。

To better the application of PTV technique in complex surface flow field,an automatic image segmentation method based on frame difference and adaptive threshold was established,and particle signature identification was introduced,which bettered the effect of particle recognition and tracking in complex flow field.

为了改善粒子跟踪测速技术在复杂流场测速中的应用效果，本文采用基于帧间差分和自适应阈值的自动图像分割技术，引入粒子的特征标识，改善了复杂流场中粒子识别与运动跟踪的效果；另外，通过流速滤波、插值处理，提高了流速测量的精度。

In wetter habitats, forbs were more abundant and accounted for the majority of aboveground biomass, whereas grasses became more important in dryer habitats. Shrubs and sub-shrubs increased with decreasing soil water availability and their relative biomass rapidly increased in degraded steppe and sand dune; perennial grasses had significantly higherδ〓C values than other PFGs; the δ〓C values of perennial grasses and forbs increased with decreasing soil water availability, while those of shrubs/sub-shrubs showed an inverse trend.

在较湿润生境，多年生杂类草更加丰富并构成了群落地上生物量的绝大部分；而在较干旱生境下，多年生禾草在群落中起更重要的作用；随着土壤含水量下降，灌木和半灌木逐渐增多，且在退化草地和沙地中其相对生物量迅速增加；多年生禾草δ〓C值显著高于其它功能群；随着土壤水分可利用性降低，多年生禾草和杂类草的δ〓C值表现出增加的趋势，而灌木/半灌木则表现出相反的趋势。

In order to got the more accurate Guide Star(with star flag 0), the stars with magnitude brighter than 6.5 of J1991.25 Hipparcos catalog were chosen, after the rigorous epoch transformation, the J2000.0 Hipparcos sub-catalog was got, with the help of the information of Tycho-2 star catalog and SAO star catalog at the same epoch, the threshold of position precision is introduced, which can meet the precision of attitude determination in arc-second level.

在相同的历元J2000.0时刻，选取J2000.0 Hipparcos星表和Tycho-2星表中位置精度阈值在1角秒内的共星作为导航星，选取除导航星外的J2000.0 Hipparcos星表和SAO星表中位置精度阈值在1角秒内的共星作为辅助导航星，通过模拟星图识别失败个例分析提取冗余导航星，使其排除在导航星之外。

Contents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb increased steadily in tree-rings from the heart-wood to sap-wood at both sites, reflecting the increase in the bio-availability in the Delta area during the past decades. Peaks in Cu, Zn, Ni and most obviously Cr and Pb, were found in rings formed after 1990. It was suggested that the recent increase of the heavy metals in soil and atmosphere in the Delta was the main source contributed to the elevation of the heavy metals in the pine rings.

结果表明：西樵山马尾松林地表层土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量均超过其在广东省表层土壤环境背景值，鼎湖山马尾松林地表层土壤除Cd外其余重金属含量在背景值范围内；鼎湖山和西樵山马尾松木质部中Cu、Zn、Cr和Pb含量均呈现从心材到边材上升的分布格局，反映了珠江三角洲环境中可供植物利用的重金属在过去有了增加。

Contents of Cu,Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb increased steadily in tree-rings from the heart-wood to sap-wood at both sites, reflecting the increase in the bio-availability in the Delta area during the past decades. Peaks in Cu, Zn, Ni and most obviously Cr and Pb, were found in rings formed in the periods after 1990. It was suggested that the recent increase of the heavy metals in soil and atmosphere in the Delta be the main cause contributed to the elevation of the heavy metals in the pine rings.

结果表明：西樵山马尾松林地表层土壤Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量均超过其在广东省表层土壤环境背景值，鼎湖山马尾松林地表层土壤除Cd 外其余重金属含量在背景值范围内；鼎湖山和西樵山马尾松木质部中Cu、Zn、Cr和Pb含量均呈现从心材到边材上升的分布格局反映了珠江三角洲环境中可供植物利用的重金属在过去有了增加。

A new method for the separation and purification of chiral mandelic acid by heated benzene extraction and refrigeration crystal was established. The ionization constant of mandelic acid was mensurated by pH potentiometer titration.

采用pH值电位滴定法测定了扁桃酸的离解常数，采用高效液相色谱法考察了扁桃酸在不同溶剂中的溶解度曲线和在苯-水体系中于不同pH值条件时的分配率，建立了热苯萃取和冷却结晶的扁桃酸纯化工艺。

Each value in the value space of a datatype is denoted by one or more literals in its lexical space.

一个数据类型值空间中所有的值均由一个或更多其字符空间中的字符所指代。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。