中世纪精神

Cortinuing the criticism essence of reformation in the middle age, Hegel fundamentally introspects Christianity from his own philosophy.

延续中世纪宗教改革思潮的批判性，德国哲学家黑格尔以其精神哲学思想体系，从本质上反省基督宗教问题。

The castles of the Rhine which are such a characteristic feature of the river landscape, were created by the martial spirit of the Middle Ages as purely defensive structures, devoid of all romantic notions, They were built by powerful rulers over sacred and secular territories, on hilltops, and in the lowlands as moated castles to protect their manorail estates and their inhabitants.

古堡莱茵河拥有河畔景观的特征，那是由中世纪的尚武精神纯粹用来防御时创建的，没有任何浪漫的想法，强大的统治者创建了它们并超越了宗教的力量，长期占领了这片领土，他们在山顶，平地以及护城河城堡建筑来保护地主阶级及其居民。

In a sense, the teachers of universities in Middle Ages in Europe were direct molders of liberty, science and independent spirit of university.

在某种意义上，欧洲中世纪大学教师是大学的自由、科学与独立精神的直接塑造者。

Most Orthodox thinkers could accept a formulation whereby the Spirit proceeds "from the Father through, or with, the Son," following the chief medieval Orthodox teacher, John of Damascus.

最正统的思想家可以接受的一种提法，即精神收益&从父亲通过，或与，儿子，&下列行政中世纪正统的教师，约翰在大马士革。

As to belief, the "Reverences" to "God" in Middle Ages and to "Reason" in modern times have no difference. If the two beliefs have something in common, then it is the God who had been a god in Middle Ages has changed into the human being in the process of modernization.

中世纪对于&上帝&的&虔敬&与启蒙精神对于&理性&的&虔敬&从信仰层面看来殊无二致，如果说两种信仰具有某种可比性的话，那么从中世纪到近代世界的历史正是上帝由&神&化身为&人&的历史。

Meeting Ayatollah Khomeini, she appeared barefoot and in a chador; but before long that "medieval rag" was flung boldly off, sending him scuttling away.

会见Ayatollah Khomeini[注释1]时，她赤着脚，身着chador[注释2]；但是没过多久，她就大胆地把那件&中世纪的抹布&脱掉了，臊得那位精神领袖急忙离开。

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在&结语&部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以&基督教大世界&普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

The long poem with its open attitude and realism is a sprout of modern literature. The main purpose of this thesis is to make clear the unique nature of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.

这首长诗以其开放包容的精神和现实主义的创作手法，使得尚处在中世纪的英国产生了现代文学的萌芽。

The evolution of chivalry reflected the advancing process of European civilizations in the Middle Ages and courtly love was a great development of humanism in medieval Europe.

骑士精神的演化反映了欧洲中世纪文明的进程，而宫廷爱情标志着欧洲人文主义思想和人文主义文学的重大发展。

Chivalry courtly love Middle Ages romance

骑士精神；宫廷爱情；中世纪；浪漫传奇

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失