中世纪吟游诗人

A w and ering student in medieval Europe disposed to conviviality,license, and the making of ribald and satirical Latin songs.

放纵派吟游诗人在中世纪的欧洲追崇享受和不受拘束的生活，作一些通俗或讽刺的拉丁歌谣的流浪学者

A wander in g student in medieval Europe disposed to conviviality,license,and the mak in g of ribald and satirical Lat in songs.

放纵派吟游诗人在中世纪的欧洲追崇享受和不受拘束的生活，作一些通俗或讽刺的拉丁歌谣的流浪学者

Middle English scolde may in fact mean "a minstrel," but of that we are not sure.

中世纪英语中的scolde 实际上可能意为"吟游诗人"，但对此没有肯定说法。

The traditions of welsh literature and music are among the oldest in europe and date back more than 1,000 years to the bards of the middle ages.

威尔士文学和音乐的传统是欧洲最古老的传统之一，可以追溯到1，000多年前中世纪的吟游诗人。

They survived, indeed, in Europe as the minstrels into the Middle Ages.

他们在欧洲的确是作为吟游诗人而留存到中世纪的。

Fiske drawed a analogy between modern mass media and the bard of Middle Ages, then, pointed out that mass media has a function which moulds collective culture. Under the influence of Gramscis's theory of """" hegemony"""", he thinks that media text is open space with diverse meaning and regards media text as popular producerly text through using the concept of """"open/ciosed"""" text of Eco and """"writerly/readerly"""" text of Barthes. On the basis of inheriting the theory of """"encoding and decoding"""" of Hall, he also absorbs the theory of """"resisting"""" of Decerteacc. Then, he thinks that audience don't simply passively absorb while contacting media, but have a kind of strong positive initiative, can """"produce"""" and """"consume"""" the meaning from the text according to their own demand.

费斯克将现代的大众传媒与中世纪的&吟游诗人&进行类比，指出大众传媒具有塑造集体文化的功能；在葛兰西文化霸权理论的影响下，他将媒介文本视为一个意义开放的空间，并借鉴艾科的&开放式／封闭式&文本及巴特的&作者式／读者式&文本概念，进一步将媒介文本界定为一种&大众的生产者式文本&；他在继承霍尔编码／解码理论的基础上，又吸收了德塞图的&抵抗理论&，认为受众在接触媒介时不是一味消极被动的&吸收&，而是具有一种强烈的积极主动性，能够按照自己的需求从文本中&生产&和&消费&意义。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。