中世纪

From the commercial credit voucher to official legal tender, jiaozi within just a few decades brought changes to the various modern banknotes, the basic elements to be still in the dark medieval Europe argues.

从商业信用凭证到官方法定货币，交子在短短数十年间就发生了脱胎换骨的变化，具备了现代纸币的各种基本要素，将还处在黑暗的中世纪的欧洲远远抛在后面。

The Middle English source of our word is first recorded as a surname in 28 (and the surname Marshal, now spelled Marshall, has been held by some famous people),but it is first recorded as a common noun with the sense .high officer of the royal court.

该词在中世纪英语中最早于28年作为一个姓氏被记录下来（一些著名人士的姓马歇尔，现在的拼写法为Marshall，但作为指。王室的高级官员。

The compilatory "Glossa Ordinaria" was widely read and highly esteemed as a treasury of sacred learning during the Middle Ages; it embodied the prefaces in which the Doctor of Bethlehem had written in terms derogatory to the deuteros, and thus perpetuated and diffused his unfriendly opinion.

编纂" glossa ordinaria "被广泛阅读和高度评价，作为财政部的神圣学习，在中世纪，它体现了前言，其中博士伯利恒曾写信条款贬到deuteros ，从而延续和扩散，他不友善的舆论。

In origin this service is a conflation of the medieval services of vespers and compline.

起源於这项服务是混为一谈的中世纪服务晚祷和

The problem of universals is no longer a philosophical problem, but also a problem in belief. The history of this problem is ended here in this thesis with Abelards conceptualism.

然后文章再从关于共相讨论的演变出发，梳理了一条清晰的哲学史发展线索，那就是从古希腊到中世纪中期关于共相问题的争论，并以阿贝拉尔的观点做一个时间上的收尾。

Byzantine, as a strong empire of middle ages, which cross the Asia, Europe and Africa, depending the special and complicated position and situation, become a conservator of ancient civilization.

拜占庭，作为一个横跨亚欧非三大洲的中世纪帝国，由于所处的特殊历史环境成为古代文化的保护地。

Consubstantiation rests on the same philosophical assumptions as the medieval doctrine of transubstantiation, which it opposed.

consubstantiation落在同一的哲学假设作为中世纪学说陷于变体说，它反对的。

That phase of medieval history between 900 AD and 1200 AD, saw them dominate the subcontinent very consummately and completely.

这是公元900年至公元1200中世纪的历史阶段，看到他们主宰次大陆非常consummately，完整。

Bach's music revolutionized classical music with his contrapuntal technique, whereas Beethoven completely gave the orchestra a facelift with that incredible bass he thrown in.

巴赫的12平均律打破了中世纪呆板的音乐，贝多芬的交响曲中的强劲'贝斯'更是让人耳目一新。

A w and ering student in medieval Europe disposed to conviviality,license, and the making of ribald and satirical Latin songs.

放纵派吟游诗人在中世纪的欧洲追崇享受和不受拘束的生活，作一些通俗或讽刺的拉丁歌谣的流浪学者

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。