个案研究

This study had two purposes: the first one was focused on the effeteness of CAI in improving motor abilities for an elementary school student with high-functioning autism. The second one was focused on the learning effects transformed into in-line skates skill for the participant.

本研究采用单一受试的多重处实验设计，研究个案为一名国小中级的高功能自闭症学童，自变项为游戏式CAI，依变项为动作能和注意，透过游戏式CAI教学方案的介入后，将所搜集的资进视觉分析与C 统计，所得结果统整后，归纳出以下三项结：一、经由游戏式CAI教学方案的教学介入后，确实能提升个案的整体动作能，并在教学介入撤除后，仍具有维持效果。

This thesis try to discuss what kind of knowledge-diffusion model and knowledge-integration model would easily success in different innovation type from knowledge-based theory. The research methodology is case study of quality method and research target is knowledge intensive industry. The research has interviewed eight managers and concluded four case. Finally, we have some conclusion below

本研究尝试从知识基础论的角度出发来探讨在不同的创新类型之间，应采用何种的知识流通模式与知识整合机制较容易成功，研究方法采用质性研究之个案访谈法，研究对象为知识密集产业，总共访谈了八位高阶主管，并将之整理成四个个案，经由分析归纳后得到以下几点结论。

This thesis is divided into four parts, first part one has explained the background of the research, puts forward to the problem of the thesis, thinking and method; The second part two has introduced the overview of northwest under developed area, and analyzed the characteristic of local university"s scientific research of northwest under developed area and the demand of young teachers; The third part, according to the current situation motivation of scientific research the young teachers of local university in Gansu as the individual case, carrying on comparative analysis to local university"s young teacher"s scientific research in Gansu Province; The forth part has combined the typical case - the current situation of Gansu Province, put forward the measures to the northwest under developed area that concerning the scientific research motivation for young teachers: Intensity of research funding of the young teachers should be moderate; Young teacher"s assessment of results should not give priority to symbolic achievements and patent for invention; the structure of graduation school the young teacher of local university should be optimized; It is necessary to strengthen the training of the scientific research of the young teachers;It is necessary to set up the teachers sabbatical leave system and improve the system of floating of teachers of local universities.

因此，本研究选择了甘肃地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题作为论文的个案，力图对西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题提出对策性建议。本研究共分为四部分，第一部分阐述了研究背景，梳理了相关的文献资料，提出研究的问题，思路和方法；第二部分首先介绍了西北欠发达地区概况，并对西北欠发达地区地方高校科研的特点及青年教师的需求特征进行了分析；第三部分由于甘肃地方高校青年教师科研激励现状在西北欠发达地区地方高校中具有典型性和代表性，以甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励现状为个案，对甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励措施进行了比较分析；第四部分结合个案——甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励的现状，提出西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师科研激励问题的对策性思考：科研资助强度应适中；成果鉴定不宜以标志性成果和发明专利为主；优化地方高校青年教师学缘结构；加强地方高校青年教师的科研培训；建立学术假制度以及完善地方高校人才流动制度。

The case study found: the boy's play therapy went through 3 phrases, including "knowing the therapeutic conditions well","establishing of therapeutic relationship","developing play therapy evolutionally"; the clues from which to judge relationship included "verbal and nonverbal interaction between therapist and the boy","the boy's dealing with his parents ","his 'first' behavior", the aim of establishing was to form "mother-child unity"; the relationship between therapist and the boy's parents passed through "admitting the facts","opening their feelings" and "detailed guidance"; the development of the boy's play consisted in the larger degree of digging and moving sand(showing that the therapy went deep into the boy's mind and his sense of strength was improving), the increasing of imaginative plays(showing that the boy began to pay attention to others and knew how to play), from playing by himself to cooperating with therapist(showing that he felt the happiness in cooperating and interacting with others and was gaining self-confidence which was favorable to be transferred to his lives and be used to communicating with others), sand and water were very important therapeutic factors for the boy(sand could mobilize his sense of feeling and touching , awakening his energy and regulating it. water could provide relaxed feeling, sense of being contained and satisfied and enlighten his imagination).

研究发现，个案的游戏治疗经历了三个阶段，即&熟悉治疗环境阶段&、&治疗关系建立阶段&和&游戏治疗深入发展阶段&；考察治疗关系建立的指标包括&个案与治疗者之间的言语和非言语互动&、&个案与父母的关系处理&和&个案的'第一次'行为&，建立的目标是&母子一体性&的形成；治疗者与个案父母关系的建立经过了&接纳事实&、&开放情感&和&具体指导&三个阶段；个案在治疗中游戏的发展表现为：动沙的力度增大，说明治疗深入了个案内心，其自我能量感在增强，游戏中的想象性成分不断增多，说明其对周围事物和他人关注了，开始&会&游戏，从单独游戏逐渐向简单合作游戏发展，说明其体验到了合作和互动的快乐，并从中渐渐获得自信，有助于个案将这种体验和自信迁移到日常生活中，尝试与他人互动；沙和水是个案游戏治疗中的重要治疗因素，沙可以调动自闭症幼儿的感触觉，唤醒其潜在能量，调整能量分配，水给自闭症儿童一种轻松感、包容感和满足感，并引发其想象。

The case study found: the boy"s play therapy went through 3 phrases, including "knowing the therapeutic conditions well","establishing of therapeutic relationship","developing play therapy evolutionally"; the clues from which to judge relationship included "verbal and nonverbal interaction between therapist and the boy","the boy"s dealing with his parents ","his "first" behavior", the aim of establishing was to form "mother-child unity"; the relationship between therapist and the boy"s parents passed through "admitting the facts","opening their feelings" and "detailed guidance"; the development of the boy"s play consisted in the larger degree of digging and moving sand(showing that the therapy went deep into the boys mind and his sense of strength was improving), the increasing of imaginative plays(showing that the boy began to pay attention to others and knew how to play), from playing by himself to cooperating with therapist(showing that he felt the happiness in cooperating and interacting with others and was gaining self-confidence which was favorable to be transferred to his lives and be used to communicating with others), sand and water were very important therapeutic factors for the boy(sand could mobilize his sense of feeling and touching , awakening his energy and regulating it. water could provide relaxed feeling, sense of being contained and satisfied andenlighten his imagination).

研究发现，个案的游戏治疗经历了三个阶段，即&熟悉治疗环境阶段&、&治疗关系建立阶段&和&游戏治疗深入发展阶段&；考察治疗关系建立的指标包括&个案与治疗者之间的言语和非言语互动&、&个案与父母的关系处理&和&个案的'第一次'行为&，建立的目标是&母子一体性&的形成；治疗者与个案父母关系的建立经过了&接纳事实&、&开放情感&和&具体指导&三个阶段；个案在治疗中游戏的发展表现为：动沙的力度增大，说明治疗深入了个案内心，其自我能量感在增强，游戏中的想象性成分不断增多，说明其对周围事物和他人关注了，开始&会&游戏，从单独游戏逐渐向简单合作游戏发展，说明其体验到了合作和互动的快乐，并从中渐渐获得自信，有助于个案将这种体验和自信迁移到日常生活中，尝试与他人互动；沙和水是个案游戏治疗中的重要治疗因素，沙可以调动自闭症幼儿的感触觉，唤醒其潜在能量，调整能量分配，水给自闭症儿童一种轻松感、包容感和满足感，并引发其想象。

This study aimed to find whether the underachieved pupil improved his English oral capability and enhanced his intrinsic motivation for English learning after the treatment of English puppetry remedial instruction. Furthermore, what was the thought of collaborative teachers after they had examined the instructional process of English puppetry?

本研究目的在於了解个案学童历经英语布偶剧补救教学策略之后，其对个案学童英语口说能力表达之助益为何，以及用英语布偶剧方式是否能有效率地提升个案学童对英语科的内在学习动机，还有协同教师对於检视英语布偶剧教学之实施历程后所产生出的思维为何。

The methods used are time and motion study by using stopwatch, participated observation, in-depth interview, Delphi.

然而，本研究欲探讨旅馆房务部人力资源的运用及管理，因此针对一家个案观光旅馆之房务员的洁房作业进行动作与时间研究，将所测量所得的时间视为工作绩效之一，目的在於制定洁房的标准时间及标准作业流程，并深入探讨影响房务员洁房时间的因素，同时本研究也想了解房务员之工作满意度及服务态度与其洁房时间的关系，因此本研究亦采用参与观察及深度访谈来搜集个案房务员对工作满意度与服务态度之质化资料，同时运用专家意见法来评量个案房务员之工作绩效，藉以探讨个案房务员之工作满意度、服务态度与工作绩效之间的关系。

Useful overview of many of the key issues surrounding the use of incentives and or disincentives along with references to many case studies.

选出Warwick（1990）的文章，是因为它简洁有力概述了许多环绕着利用激励和禁制的主要议题，还参考了许多个案研究。

In Stage 3 you will apply this collective ROPA knowledge to the KL regional architecture.

在第三阶段，应用这些知识在吉隆坡的区域架构个案研究中

Using case studies from the industrial and service sectors, the paper will discuss the new modes of globally distributed work, including the trade in digitised information, through new employment opportunities such as teleworking and e-commerce and in the burgeoning of call centers in Asia.

通过电视联网、电子商务以及亚洲地区电话服务中心的兴起，这一切产生出新的就业机会，从而带来了新的工作模式，论文以对工业和服务部门的个案研究讨论了这种全球性分布的新的工作模式、包括数码化的信息交易。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。