个案

Taking the relationship of science and art as a starting point, it analyzes the relation between photographing and painting , the artists closely related to photograhing and painting , the artists closely related to photograhing in history and discusses the historical relationship between photographing and painting by taking the experience of specific artists as examples; then by analyzing the reason why artists use photographs , it shows the functions of photographs in creation ; after thens , by doing case study of Chinese artists and their different ways of using photographs, it analyzes different forms through which photographs are exressed.

首先以哲学、科学与艺术的关系为切入点，深入探讨了照片运用于绘画的现象，以及历史上与摄影联系最密切的画家，并且以具体画家为例子来论述了摄影与绘画的历史姻缘；然后通过分析艺术家运用照片的原因，阐明了照片在绘画创作中的具体功能和作用；接着以中国艺术家的具体个案与他们使用照片的不同方式相结合的方法，阐明了照片运用于绘画创作中的不同表现形式。

The cost of the litigation parties, such as the payment for the lawyers, the judicial authentication, the traffic and the telecommunication fee for the testifiers, the courts and themselves, is called the private expenditure.

国家用于民事诉讼业务的财政预算，如法官的薪金、法院房舍、公务设备、办公费用等，称作公共成本；诉讼当事人个人为取得个案司法保护所承担的资源耗费支出，如当事人聘请律师、取得司法鉴定、支付给证人、支付给法院以及当事人自己的交通、通讯费等，称作私人成本。

The paper furrows through the motions concerning China in the 106th House and the voting records by the representatives in their tenures in this period, which is followed by a summing up of these representatives' attitudes toward China and their modes of behavior.

文章选择了在对华政策上分野比较明显的106届国会为分析个案，全面梳理在106届国会任期内美国国会的对华议案及议员的投票记录，进而归纳出议员的中国观和他们的行为模式。

The violence phenomenon in literature, films and teleplays and electronic games are considered as three case studies.

论文以文学作品、影视作品和电子游戏中的暴力现象为个案进行研究。

The averaged summated breast cancer worry scores were 7.1 (SD=2.7). Which meant subject had moderate cancer worry.

癌症忧虑平均得分7.1分（SD＝2.7），显示个案有中度癌症忧虑。

Sensitivity. In the case of stutterers, usually refers to the tendency toward being easily upset, embarrassed or otherwise easily affected.

敏感：在口吃者的个案中，这通常指的是某个人具有容易变得心烦意乱，困窘，或容易处于其他心理状态的趋势。

The second part researches the communication of Japanese cartoon to Chinese audiences through the method of periodical research to summerize the change in its culture and Chinese audiences' reception, besides it applies the method of questionare survey to deeply study and summarize its influnce. The third part studies several selected popular cartoon works for the cultural elements and the limitation of the Japanese cartoon, including the negative factors and not-good developing trend.

第三部分运用文本研究结合个案研究的方法，对笔者选取为样本框的若干部代表性动漫作品进行文化因素分析，深度解读日本动漫作品中普遍包含的优秀文化成分以及日本动漫中的不良现象和劣性成分对日本国家形象建构的影响。

In this dissertation, starting from commercial change of Lintan County as a subject, using field investigations and case interviews of sociology as main methods combined to related theories and methods of economy, ethnology and anthropology, conducting a deep study of business change of Lintan Hui's merchants as well as it's spirit, in order to making up the blank of this study field.

本文以临潭回族的商业变迁为研究课题，以社会学的田野调查和个案访谈为主要手段，结合经济学、民族学、人类学和人口学的相关理论和方法，对20世纪以来临潭回族的商业结构变迁、商业类型变迁以及临潭回商精神作了较为深入的研究，以期弥补这一领域研究的空白。

However, in almost every case wherein you are attempting the understanding of the body of self or other-self, you will again find that the most subtle discernment is necessary in order to fully grasp the polarity complexes involved.

然而，几乎在每一个个案中，当你尝试去理解自我或其他-自我的身体，你将再次发觉需要最微细的辨别以充分掌握涉及其中的极性复合体。

She came delivered in a nice case however the rudders received some damage due to the long trip from China.

她来到发表在一个很好的个案，但舵收到了一些损害由于长期从中国之行。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。