个体基因型的

To investigate the genetic polymorphism of nine short tandem repeat loci in Han population of Southern China. The 9 STR loci (D11S2368, D12S391, D13S325, D18S1364, D22-GATA198B05, D6S1043, D2S1772, D7S3048, D8S1132) were amplified with STR_Typer_10_v1 kit for 1619 unrelated individuals of Han population in Southern China. The PCR products were analyzed with 3100 genetic analyzer and GeneMapper ID 3.1v software. The forensic efficiency parameters were calculated by PowerState V12.xls and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested with Arlequin 3.11v software.

用STR_Typer_10_v1荧光标记试剂盒，对1 619例中国南方汉族无关个体的9个STR基因座(D11S2368，D12S391，D13S325 D18S1364，D22-GATA198B05，D6S1043，D2S1772，D7S3048，D8S1132)进行扩增，用AB公司3100遗传分析仪和GeneMapper 3.1v软件作STR分型，用PowerState V12.xls分析软件进行等位基因频率和法医学常用参数统计分析，用Arlequin 3.11v软件包作Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium平衡检验。

The gene targeted mice are commonly produced by breeding the heterozygous targeted mice following microinjecting the homologous recombinant ES cells into the blastocoele cavity of 3.5dpc embryos at the blastocyst stage to give birth to chimeric mice.

传统基因敲除获得某一突变基因的纯合体动物首先要利用打靶胚胎干细胞获得嵌合体动物；随后用嵌合体动物与野生型个体交配得到突变基因的杂合体动物；最后才能通过杂合体动物之间的交配来生产纯合体动物。

Methods Fifty pairs of fresh colorectal cancer and homologous normal tissues were genotyped with Identifiler Kit and the mutations generated in cancer tissues were determined. The mutation rates, the numbers of locus matched without identical allele (A0), 1 identical allele (A1), or 2 identical alleles (A2) and the number of total identical alleles IA(subscript n were calculated. Frequency distributions of A0, A1, A2 and IA were compared among CR-N group, unrelated individual pairs and full sibling pairs. Discrimination functions were established for individual identification from tumor tissues with discriminatory analysis.

用Identifiler系统对50对新鲜结直肠癌组织及其身源正常组织组进行STR分型，计算CR-N组中变异STR基因座及全不同基因座数(A0)、半相同基因座数(A1)、全相同基因座数(A2)和共有等位基因数IA(下标 n，比较CR-N组、无关个体对组和全同胞对组中上述参数的分布差异，通过判别分析建立判别函数。

These results suggested that species differences must be considered for prolificacy individual selection.

本研究结果提示：绵羊多羔个体的选择有品种差异，应根据不同品种各自的多羔基因型进行选择。

Sympatric individuals of H. tientsinensis and H. latimera from Ningbo possessed osculant type of infraorbital crest. The case implied that H. tientsinensis and H. latimera copulated and beared offsprings, therefore, they might be one species.

在上述3个基因片段中，天津厚蟹和侧足厚蟹二者均有许多个体(其中很多个体分布在不同地域)共享同一单倍型，具有相同的序列。

This study recruited 8 OI I pedigrees (including a very large OI I kindred comprising 132 members, in which 43 are patients) and 402 nuclear families of health subjects (consisting of 1,263 subjects, and each familycontains at least one female offspring aged 20-45) in Chinese Han population. 1 By performing linkage analysis in the large OII kindred to the COLlAl and COL1A2 genes. Negative LOD score of-8.50 at 9 = 0.001 was observed for the COL1A2 gene, while positive LOD score of 2.31 at 0 = 0.001 was found for the COLlAl gene.

本研究在中国汉族人群中征集了8个Ⅰ型成骨不全家系(其中包括一个拥有132个成员、43个患者的大家系)和402个正常人群的核心家系(共1，263个个体，每一个家系至少含有一个20～45岁的女性子代)。1通过在大的Ⅰ型成骨不全家系中对COL1A1基因和COL1A2基因进行连锁分析，当θ=0.001时，在COL1A1基因处检测到的LOD值为2.31，而在COL1A2基因处检测到的LOD值为-8.50。

In this family, five F1 males and twenty-three F1 females were intercrossed to generate 147 F2 offspring.

根据美国肉畜研究中心公布的猪遗传连锁图谱，在1号和3号染色体上等间隔(20cM)选择8个和9个微卫星标记，对参考家系全部的F~0|、F~1|和F~2|个体进行扩增，获得各标记位点基因型。

Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence were used to study the molecular evolution and phylogeny of Anser cygnoides(15 breed of Chinese goose), Anser anser(2 breed of domestic European goose) and Anser albifrons(the lesser white-fronted goose, Genbank accession number AF363031). Sequence analysis revealed that there were 29 variable sites and 4 haplotypes in 45 sequences, nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity were 0.0068,0.45 respectively, insertion/deletion or frameshift mutation were not found in Cyt-b gene sequences(1143bp).

本实验测定了中国家鹅15个品种、欧洲鹅2个品种共44个个体的细胞色素b基因全序列，与Genbank库中自额雁细胞色素b基因序列合并在一起比对分析，17个家鹅品种和白额雁细胞色素b基因全序列均为1143bp，序列中没有缺失、插入或移码突变，共检测到29个变异位点、4种单倍型，核苷酸多样度和单倍型多样度分别为0.00648和0.45。

Samples of 80 and 17 ring-necked pheasants were collected from the wild and domestic farms, respectively for an investigation of their genetic make-up. A fragment of 464bp of the control region in the mitochondrial genome was chosen for the analysis.

采集自野外和人工养殖的环颈雉共97只个体，分析长度464bp的粒线体控制区DNA序列，发现有24个变异位置，皆为碱基替代，可以定义出13个不同的基因型。

By mitochondrial DNA control region sequencing the relationship of haplotype phylogenies can be reconstructed to distinguish the Taiwan ring-necked pheasant and imported ring-necked pheasant. Additionally, the sequencing can be used to analyze genetic diversity and genetic structure. The results are expected to provide the reference base for identifying and conserving Taiwan ring-necked pheasant.

本论文研究结论建议，未来进行原生环颈雉族群保育或人工复育计画时，可利用外部形质测量分析、粒线体DNA基因型与遗传多样性分析，做为环颈雉各原生或外来族群的个体辨识工具，并提供拟订族群保育及复育经营措施之参考依据。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。