个体化

OBJECTIVE To design and develop a clinical pharmacokinetics and individual drug dosage regimens system CPKDP program for estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing individualizing dosage regimens using routine clinical data of plasma levels. METHODS According to the principle of population pharmacokinetics and Bayes" formula, CPKDP program was written with FOXPRO 2.6 and BORLAND C++ 3.1, and was run on 486 microcomputer with UCDOS 5.0. RESULTS CPKDP program was adapted for drugs with different characteristics of pharmacokinetics, and for single dose or multiple dose administration. Using 1 or 2 measured drug concentrations, individual patient"s pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated based on population-average pharm-acokinetic parameters. CONCLUSION CPKDP program is applied for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing drug therapy in individual patients.

目的为利用临床常规监测的血药浓度数据估算病人的个体药动学参数，优化给药方案，设计、研制了临床药动学给药个体化系统CPKDP程序方法依据群体药动学原理及Bayes公式，CPKDP程序用FOXPRO 2.6和BORLAND C++ 3.1开发，在希望汉字系统UCDOS 5.0平台上运行结果CPKDP程序适用于具有不同药动学特征的多种药物，适用于不同给药途径的单剂量或多剂量给药在群体药动学参数的基础上，结合病人个体特征，以1，2个血药浓度作为反馈，即可拟合估算个体药动学参数，优化给药方案结论经初步应用，CPKDP程序是应用Bayes反馈法开展临床个体化给药工作非常实用的工具

It is recommended that maintenance treatment should be individual in clinical experiences.It is reasonable to choose the different maintenance therapy plan according to ulcer cicatrization quality under endoscope and the helicobacter pylori situation respectively,which not only can control the recurrence of peptic ulcer effectively,but also can reduce the patient′s economic burden,achieves treatment individuation,and instructs the patients with correct consolidated treatment.

临床上推荐维持治疗个体化，根据内镜下消化性溃疡瘢痕情况和幽门螺杆菌感染情况分别选择不同方案的维持治疗是较合理的，既可有效地控制溃疡复发，又可减轻患者的经济负担，真正做到治疗个体化，指导患者溃疡愈合后正确的巩固治疗。

We will call this the extensionality objection , since it appeals to the common idea that wholes are individuated by their parts in the same way that sets are individuated by their members.

我们称这为外延反对，因为这是诉诸"整体被其部分所个体化的方式，相同于集合被其元素所个体化的方式"。

In this paper, six measures were suggested to meet above-mentioned points, namely, standardization of indications, routinization of pathogenetic diagnosis in infectious diseases, rationalization of drug selection in infectious diseases, institutionalization of surveillances and feedback of resistance information, individualization of medication in anti-infection treatment, and daily assessment of therapeutic value.

笔者提出"六化"，即做到用药适应证规范化，做到感染性疾病病原学诊断常规化，提倡感染性疾病病原学治疗选药合理化，逐步做到推广病原菌耐药性信息监测与反馈制度化，强调抗感染治疗用药方案个体化，评价疗效制度日常化。

The new individualized metal implant is based on reverse engineering and rapid prototyping technique, and has solved the problems of long period manufactural procedure in the traditional

基于反求工程和快速成形技术直接制造的个体化金属植入物，解决了目前个体化植入物翻模制造、周期较长的问题。

The new individualized metal implant is based on reverse engineering and rapid prototyping technique, and has solved the problems of long period manufactural procedure in the traditional technique.

基于反求工程和快速成形技术直接制造的个体化金属植入物，解决了目前个体化植入物翻模制造、周期较长的问题。

OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of spinal CT measurement in the transpedicular screw fixation in the sacroiliac joint so as to provide related morphological data for the application of iliosacral screw fixation in sacroiliac joint disruption.

目的：探讨三维CT测量在骶髂关节个体化置钉中的应用，为临床个体化置钉提供影像解剖学的依据。

The method includes the steps of forming a peelable resin layer on a silicon substrate, forming the wiring substrate on the peelable resin layer, mounting semiconductor chips on the wiring substrate, forming semiconductor devices by sealing the plurality of semiconductor chips by a sealing resin, individualizing the semiconductor devices by dicing the semiconductor devices from the sealing resin side but leaving the silicon substrate, peeling each of the individualized semiconductor devices from the silicon substrate between the silicon substrate and the peelable resin layer, and exposing terminals on the wiring substrate by forming openings through the peelable resin layer or by removing the peelable resin layer.

该方法包括以下步骤：在硅衬底上形成可剥离树脂层；在所述可剥离树脂层上形成布线衬底；将半导体芯片安装在所述布线衬底上；通过用密封树脂密封所述多个半导体芯片来形成半导体器件；通过从密封树脂侧将这些半导体器件切分但是保留硅衬底来使这些半导体器件个体化；将每个个体化半导体器件在所述硅衬底和可剥离树脂层之间从硅衬底上剥离；并且通过形成穿过可剥离树脂层的孔或者通过除去可剥离树脂层来使布线衬底上的端子暴露。

International Diabetes :Speaking of individualized treatment,at the clinical setting are there any other considerations that clinicians should have for individualizing their assessment of diabetes in patients?

国际糖尿病》：说到个体化治疗，在临床上，医生在对糖尿病人做出个体化评价时，他们应该还要考虑其它哪些问题呢？

If there were then there would have to be a haecceitas orthisness belonging to and individuating each complex physical object, and this I am assuming to be implausible if not unintelligible.

如果有，那么就会必有一个&此性&或&这性&属于每一个复杂物理个体，也个体化这物理个体，这我假设是不合理的。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。