丧葬的

In ancient funeral service and burial, the role of "teacher"was in the embarrassing situation,"teacher"had not funeral service and burial, and this did not change from Confucian times to HanTang, but because of "teacher" special political and cultural status, they had funeral service and burial from public college to private education in HanTang period.

在古代丧葬礼仪中，"师"的角色是较为尴尬的，在孔子时代即"师"无丧礼的状况直至汉唐并无根本的变化，但由于"师"的特殊政治、文化地位，汉唐时期由官学到私学均存在着心丧、私谥的礼仪活动。

According to the cultural information it contains, through analyzing figurines of musicians.dancers and acrobats, the paper argues that in one hand they mirror the tomb owners lives before their deaths and the social lives, in another hand they embody their ideals of lives of other world, and reflect the peoples funeral concepts.

就其所包涵的文化信息，本文着重对乐舞百戏俑进行了分析，指出其一方面是对墓主人身前生活的再现以及对当时社会生活的反映，另一方面也集中体现了墓主人对于"来世生活"的设想和寄托，折射和反映出当时人们的丧葬思想。

Luxurious materials such as ivory, ebony, gold, turquoise and lapis lazuli had been imported from countries around Egypt and used in the manufacture of these funerary items.

豪华的材料，如象牙，乌木，黄金，绿松石和青金石已经从埃及进口的国家和地区使用的丧葬和物品的制造这些。

This paper is based on the field work. The main threads of it is the process of obsequies ceremony. I describe and explain the living background, the social and culture function of obsequies ceremony in east of Gansu in the anthropology sight and using the way of styding EthnomusicologyThis paper is divided into five parts:The first part: the introduction.

本文在田野调查报告的基础上，以陇东丧葬仪式发生过程为主线，以人类学的视野和民族音乐学的方法，对陇东丧俗仪式中鼓吹乐的生存背景和社会及文化功能，作以描述和解释。

Moreover, many Chinese material and culture were also introduced into Central Asia, even further wester world. More importantly, after these Sogdian got into China, they began positively taking part in various political, economic and cultural activities, even took an important role in some matters.

在这一过程中，入华粟特人在其文化上所表现的异域特点越来越少，而所吸收的汉文化成份则越来越多，尤其在姓名、通婚关系、丧葬习俗、对自己家世渊源的观念等社会生活的诸多方面，都逐渐发生了变化，体现出对自身"汉化"的改造。

In Chapter Ⅲ and Ⅳ, the author examines almanacs, divine slips, juju, wishful messages and so forth, which played important roles in rural socio-cultural networks. This inquiry aims to show how the social memory of fengshui knowledge and ideas became possible, that is, how fengshui knowledge and ideas turned into popular belief and entered peasant life world by way of some correlative religious or mediumistic rituals.

第三-四章：从构成近世以来的乡土社会文化网络之环的通书、灵签、安镇符咒、竖造及丧葬仪式、乩示文本等入手，细部地探寻普遍意义上的风水知识、观念的乡土社会记忆是何以可能的，即分析风水知识、观念如何借助相关的巫术-宗教仪式，逐步&深耕化&为一种民俗信仰，从而成为民众&生活世界&的一部分。

Individuals enrolled in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study did not give informed consent and were not informed of their diagnosis; instead they were told they had "bad blood" and could receive free medical treatment, rides to the clinic, meals and burial insurance in case of death in return for participating. In 1932, when the study started, standard treatments for syphilis were toxic, dangerous, and of questionable effectiveness.

所有参加梅毒实验的人均没有签署知情同意书，也没有获得过任何诊断结果；相反他们被告知他们&血液不好&，可以接受免费治疗，免费乘车到诊所，免费用餐，如果意外死亡还能因参加治疗而获得丧葬费用。1932年，也就是研究开始的时候，一般的梅毒治疗方案是有毒性的，危险的而且不怎么有效。

We could comprehend that the complicated relationship responds the order and construction of society. The standpoint stresses the social function of epitaphs and improves religious function. The descriptions epitaphs not only comprehend culture of funeral but also show the order of relationships in the society.

这种反映社会伦常秩序的观点，说明了墓志铭的社会性功能，同时也增补了墓志铭原先的宗教性功能，宋代墓志文献的纪录，不仅说明了社会的丧葬文化，也同时展现出社会伦常的秩序及其社会性。

Then and there religious worship of Moon Goddess,Bull and Sacred fire was already in existence,and the worship of Sacred Fire led to Zoroastrianism which appeared in the late 2,000 B C Religious rites are believed to be and ancient spontaneous religious form.which originated from the customs of Hun...

研究中亚的祭祀建筑、丧葬形式、崇拜仪式，有助于我们了解当时人们的生活方式和宗教文化、风俗习惯及礼仪等方面的情况，弄清后来宗教体系的源泉

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。