两维的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Simplier and more efficient ion extraction methods for atomic vapor laser isotope separation AVLIS were evaluated using a 2-D electron-equilibrium model to compute and compare three electrostatic methods the parallel electrode method, the Π type electrode method, and the improved M type electrode method.

为探索用于原子蒸气激光同位素分离AVLIS的简单有效的离子引出方法，用二维流体理论电子平衡模型计算比较了3种静电场方法平行板电场法，Π型电极法，改进M型电极法计算发现，二维流体理论电子平衡模型并不能很好地描述Π型电极法对另外两种静电场方法，计算了不同外加电压、不同的初始原子密度和不同的目标同位素丰度等条件下的离子引出情况从计算结果可以看出，改进M型电极法不论是从离子引出时间还是从碰撞损失率，都要比平行板电极法好得多当外加电压较高或初始原子密度较高时，这种好处就更加明显因此，改进M型电极法是一种可供实际采用的比较好的静电场方法

Then it proves a necessary and sufficient condition for anamalgamation of two 3-manifolds with toms boundary with no new incompressible surfaces.Lastly, with the help of the condition and the theorem about the classification of allautomorphisms of a torus, it is proveed that there exists infinitely many 3-manifolds each ofwhich contains no incompressible surfaces besides a torus.

最后，文章给出了以环面作为边界的两个3维流形在作融合积时不产生新的不可压缩曲面的一个充分必要条件，并将这个结果与关于环面到自身的自同胚类的分类的结果相结合，证明了本文的一个核心结论，即存在无穷多个互不同胚的3维流形满足除了一个环面以外不含有其他的不可压缩曲面。

Included Are Three Previously Unreleased Tracks: Mozart's Rondo In A Minor, K. 511, The Liszt/horowitz Ehemals - Both New To The Horowitz Discography - And Schubert's Moment Musical In F Minor, Taken From His Last Public Recital.

包括三首未出版过的作品：莫扎特的a小调回旋曲，k.511，李斯特/霍洛维茨的&往昔&（组曲之10）-这两首也是霍洛维茨最新的录音作品-以及舒伯特的f小调&音乐瞬间&，选自他最后一次公众演奏会。

On one side sit the "modern" instruments: two violas and a cello, while on the other are the "old-fashioned" violas da gamba and violone.

一边是时兴的&现代&乐器：两把中提琴和大提琴，一边是旧式的维奥尔琴和低音提琴。两组之间形成对话。

A much-planned two-family vacation to Rio begins with disaster as one husband, Victor, deals with divorce papers while Matthew's wife decides to vacation alone somewhere else instead, leaving the two men on vacation with only their charming and adventurous teenage daughters.

一个非常计划两个家庭假期里约始于灾害作为一个丈夫，维克多，涉及离婚文件，而马修的妻子决定休假而不是仅在其他地方，造成两名男子只在度假他们的魅力和冒险女儿。

Sytematic introduction of GPS theory and its three sub-systems, with focus on GPS's role in transportation which includes road engineer, auto navigation, traffic supervision and etc, has been presented in this paper. Thanks to its ability to provide continuous high-precision 3-dimensional coordinate all day round, technical parameter of 3-dimensional speed and time information, GPS has been widely used in public transport system in recent 2 years.

本文系统介绍了GPS的原理和其三大子系统，着重介绍了GPS系统在交通运输中的应用，包括在道路工程、汽车导航和交通管理中的应用以及其他应用， GPS全球队定位系统在公交系统中的应用，在最近两年得到了迅速的推广，这主要依赖于GPS系统可以向全球任何全天候地连续提供高精度的三维坐标、三维速度和时间信息等技术参数。

However, the sun used to drive the two Yawei Ke and Aierweisi is unparalleled Shen Jun, their manes flashing a golden light, fast pace to drag a gem of the sun Xiangman forward Benz cars .

但是，太阳用来驾车的亚维克和爱尔维斯是两匹无与伦比的神骏，它们的鬃毛闪烁着金色的光芒，以极快的速度拖曳着镶满宝石的太阳车向前奔驰。

Such a letter was necessitated by the fact that the ancient sites of Thotlakonda and Bavikonda are routinely subjected to vandalism and if measures are not taken urgently, they would be obliterated completely before long, resulting in irrevocable loss of heritage to not only the city of Visakhapatnam but also the State of Andhra Pradesh and the whole country, according to the convener of the local chapter Rani Sarma.

据维萨卡帕特南分会召集人Rani Sarma表示，印度托特拉康达和巴比昆达两处佛教文化遗址经常被人毁坏，并且人们对遗址的毁坏已经习以为常，如不立刻采取措施的话，不久，它们将永远的消失，给维萨卡帕特南市、安得拉邦乃至全国造成无法挽回的损失。而给总理的信件也是基于这个事实的需要而写的。

In this research I used Ferdinand De Saussure's Semitic theory and Claude Levi-Syrauss's Structuralism theory as analysis method. And the research showed that both theories could analyze the meaning of what the content want to convey, and the elements of the commercial whether on TV or newspaper commercials. In the future, we can use both theories as analysis method to analyze any kinds of advertising campaign.

第三，本研究利用索绪尔符号学理论与李维史托结构主义理论作为分析方法，发现两理论在解析电视、报纸广告上，均能分析出广告内容所要传达给阅读人的意涵和广告内容的构成要素，故未来在分析各项选举政党竞选广告时，皆可分别依此两理论作为分析方法。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！