两种语言的

This thesis aims at discussing the function of personal pronouns by way of contrastive study of English and Chinese systematically and hierarchically.

本文旨在通过对比研究的方法对英汉两种语言的人称代词的运用进行系统的讨论，进而对英语教学和英汉互译进行一点有价值的探索。

Current researches show little attention to this structure and thus this paper is devoted to an overall understanding of this structure. The content of this thesis focuses on the following three aspects:First, when restricting the potential semantic range of noun phrases with its own proposition, the modifying clauses in English and Chinese share the same semantic features. That is to say, the modified noun phrase and the predicate of the clause depend on each other for existence. This semantic restrictiveness is obligatory for the clause and the noun phrase it modifies in both languages. Second, though sharing the same potential conceptual meaning, the combination of a clause and its modified noun phrase shows different syntactic position in surface structure as well as the inner structure of the clause. Based on a full description of syntactic characteristics of this kind of clause, the present thesis points out the differences and similarities existing in surface structure between English and Chinese. Finally, under the guidance of Chomskys Minimalist Program(1995), the thesis analyses the derivational processes of this structure in both languages.

现有的对比研究对于该结构的探讨，不论是在描述和解释上都是不完备的，为了深化这一句法结构的认识，本文从如下几个方面对英汉分句作定语修饰名词的现象进行了对比：首先，分句用自身的命题限制中心名词的语义范围时，在两种语言中具有相同的语义特征，即中心名词与分句内部的谓词之间存在依存关系，分句修饰名词必然受到语义的限制，是英汉两种语言必须共同遵守的准则；其次，英汉两种语言中表达相同概念意义的这一句法单位与其修饰的名词结合后，在表层结构中体现出不同的位置关系，且分句内部的句法结构也各有特点，本文在充分对其句法特征描述的基础上，指出二者在表层形式上的差异和共性；最后，尝试在乔姆斯基的最简方案(1995)框架内，演示英汉两种语言。

The author in this paper considers that the coherence is a comprehensive concept, and any concept is just the description from one aspect. This paper carries on the analysis from the perspective of thought pattern at the cognitive level. According to the discussion on Kaplan"s viewpoint and the contrary arguments by the other scholars, the conclusion can be made as the contrastive analysis based on the texts parallel in register tends to be tendentious, sketchy and indefinite, so the contrary examples provided by other scholars illustrate that it is impossible for modern Chinese text structure to be influenced by the traditional text structure of "ba gu wen alluded to by Kaplan. This paper provides contrastive analysis on the basis of texts parallel in translation, which can present the most essential different characteristics of Chinese and English texts, and guide the development of every aspect in the translation process, and help to convey the meaning of source language faithfully as well as to construct the text structure in different ways which possess the characteristics of their own languages.

而本文所讨论的与连贯有关的分析层面属于认知层面中的思维方式角度，文章从中西思维方式差异的对比出发讨论了科技篇章连贯性的差异；对于Kaplan所提出的观点以及其反对者的观点进行讨论，得出结论为：以语域对应材料为基础的连贯性对比导致了Kaplan结论中的倾向性，概括性与模糊性，从而反对其观点的学者可以在中文学生做的英文作文中找出反例并提出了反驳意见，他们认为中文传统思维模式即Kaplan所暗示的八股文结构并不会影响到现代中文学生组织英语篇章结构；而本文以翻译对应语料为基础进行英汉篇章中基本结构的对比，这不同于语域对应材料的对比是以语域一致为基础进行整体篇章的重新组织，因为翻译对应材料的译文不可能出现对原文整体结构的大调整，而只可能体现出篇章中小范围语义结构的基本差异，从而避免了倾向性的观点，可以体现出中西思维方式在篇章组织结构上最基本的差异，本文还总结出翻译中所应注意的两种语言的特点，从而指导翻译过程的各个方面，达到译入语与译出语在意义上的忠实传达与结构上忠于源语特点的效果。

Through comparison between Chinese and English in aspects related to adverbial participial clauses, it is found that in Chinese there are structures similar to complement and temporal adverbial clause in English.

通过对汉英两种语言的比较，本研究发现在汉语中存在类似于英语分词作伴随状语和时间状语的结构，同时也发现中文的流水句和英语的层次性分词从句区别很大。

The manner ofautomatic processing or semantic processing of the English stimuli is different from that of theChinese stimuli.The former is more dependent on the semantic information while the latter moredependent on phonologic processing.

研究结果初步支持了中-英双语者的词汇系统在知觉表征水平上两种语言相互分离，在语义表征水平上两种语言共享同一系统的假设。2）中、英两种语言刺激的自动激活与词义加工模式有差异。

With the topic mark'yn', are put at the beginning of a sentence.

两种语言的这种结构不但其范围相当，所表现出来的功能也非常相似，而这种功能的核心就是构成突出的&话题—说明&的结构，说话人把自己要说的对象放在句首位置，在句子的其他部分对它进行说明。

It evokes language as well as culture among different countries and nations, thus cultural differences exert great influence on translation.

翻译涉及两种语言的转换和文化的移植，因此文化的差异影响着翻译活动的进行。

Some of you can't bear the bad service offered by some busboys. We are all busybodies. We can't afford the time quarreling with busboys.""No way for us?"" No. I have a solution. I told you I would be responsible and I won't eat my words. In fact I have borrowed a minibus from a friend of mine. No driver? I am not a person who embraces the Buddha's feet in a crisis. I learned to drive.

中国人用英语写作是跨文化交际最常用、也是最重要的途径之一，但是由于中国人与西方人在生存环境、历史、宗教、思维方式等方面的差异以及由此而产生的汉英两种语言的不同特点，中国人提高英语写作水平的障碍往往植根于中西文化方面的差异。

On the other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth knowledge of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has.

另一方面，后天习得的能运用两种语言的人也许不如土生土长的人，第一，他们对俗话、俚语和方言没有后者那么深入的认识。

Ellen Bialystok of York University in Toronto, Canada, author of the study, said people who had been bilingual for most of their lives were better able to concentrate on complex tasks.

他说一生里大多数时间说两种语言的人更有能力做好复杂的工作。对老年人来说，各种各样复杂的脑力工作中，说双语都会有很大的益处。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。