两栖类的

In the course of evolution, when life emerged from the sea in the form of amphibia, a general chemical-sensitive system likely separated into two anatomically distinct but functionally united mechanisms to take into account the chemical information occurring in two different environments, one inside the body—taste or gustation—and one outside—smell or olfaction.

在进化的过程中，当生命以两栖类的形式从海洋里出现时，可能这一种主要的化学感应系统就分成了两种在解剖学上独立但功能上联合的器官。这种器官用来通过两种不同的环境分析化学信息。一种是在分析体内环境的，这就是味觉。另一种分析体外环境的，这就是嗅觉。

The early embryonic development of Rana rugulosa was studied at water temperature of 18～23℃.The course, from its fertilized egg stage to operculum completely closed stage, may be divided into 25 stages,which totally take about 126 hours.

无尾两栖类的胚胎发育在胚胎学、发育生物学等学科的研究中有着重要意义，因而有关的研究国内外均有报导，Shumway（1940）详细研究了豹蛙的发育，并提出了较系统的发育资料［1］，故而被国内外许多教材加以采用。

Based on the analysis of the resources situation and problems, it has been suggested by the authors that the protection of ecological environment and species varieties of Anura in Gansu should be strengthened.

本文在对甘肃无尾两栖类动物资源状况及存在的问题进行分析的基础上，提出了加强无尾两栖类动物生境和物种多样性保护，从而合理利用无尾两栖类动物资源的建议。

The island is very rich in animal resources, monkeys (10 natural group of about 300), pangolins, civet cats, wild boar, Huang Xun, deer and other mammals; kite, Zhi, brown wings Arthur Juan, Sisheng cuckoo, seedling Chicken, Banjiu 40 species of birds, pythons, Bungarus fasciatus, Yinhuan snake, cobra, Trimeresurus stejnegeri, two snakes, Cuora trifasciata, grass lizards, such as Eumeces the more than 10 types of reptiles; rugulosa frog, Marsh frogs, Ze frog, Rana Ji, Tree Frog, black toad and other amphibians orbital; only insects are more than 40 kinds of butterflies.

岛上的动物资源也十分丰富，有猕猴(10个自然群约300只)、穿山甲、果子狸、野猪、黄勋、梅花鹿等哺乳类；鸢、鸷、褐翅鸦鹃、四声杜鹃、秧鸡、斑鸠等40多种鸟类；蟒蛇、金环蛇、银环蛇、眼镜蛇、竹叶青、两头蛇、三线闭壳龟、草蜥、石龙子等10余种处爬行类；虎纹蛙、沼蛙、泽蛙、姬蛙、树蛙、黑眶蟾蜍等两栖类；昆虫仅蝶类就有40多种。

Pelobatidae is very importance in the phylogeny of anurans, but the phylogenetic relationships and taxology of this family (including subfamily, genus and subgenus )have yet produced long-time conflicting viewpoint among different researchers both domestic and abroad.

锄足蟾科在无尾两栖类的系统进化中处于极其重要的地位，长期来对该科各亚科、属、亚属的划分以及系统发育关系等问题，国内外学者尚存分歧意见。

The partly cold-adaptation stratagem of the high altitude amphibian tadpole were researched in the laboratory by analyzing the high altitude amphibian tadpole of Scutiger boulengeri mainly on endpoints related to the dynamic variation of the micro-spatial behavior distribution patterns, the experiment of the temperature tolerance, and the enzyme content and activity of the lactic acid dehydrogenase isozyme in special temperature condition.The behavior distribution of the Scutiger boulengeri t...

西藏齿突蟾蝌蚪在不同温度的行为分布是一连续、动态过程，需用多种检验方法综合利用才能进行判断；在15℃，除低海拔分布的西藏齿突蟾种群外所有实验物种蝌蚪均符合负二项分布、NeymanⅡ型分布；在10℃，高海拔两栖类蝌蚪均符合负二项分布、NeymanⅡ型分布；在5℃、0℃低温时，高海拔两栖类不同分组的西藏齿突蟾蝌蚪的负二项分布、NeymanⅡ型分布均呈现明显差异，这可能与高海拔两栖类蝌蚪在低温条件下通过不断地改变其行为分布方式来避免自身被冻伤有关。

Sixteen ( 15 new) amphibian and twenty-two ( 11 new) squamate species have been reported across China, including the oldest Chinese tetrapod Sinostega pani from the Late Devonian of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the large stereospondyl amphibian Yuanansuchus laticeps from the Middle Triassic of Hubei Province, Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous lissamphibians ( e. G., the anurans Callobatrachus sanyanensis and Mesophryne beipiaoensis, the caudates Jeholotriton paradoxus and Laccotriton subsolanus) from Northeast China, Paleogene lizards (e. G., Brevidensilacerta xichuanensis and Tinosaurus yuanquensis) from North China, and numerous lizards from the Late Cretaceous of Nei Mongol Autonomous Region.

共报道了16种两栖类和22种有鳞类，其中15种两栖类和11种有鳞类为新种，包括我国最古老的四足动物宁夏晚泥盆世的潘氏中国螈，湖北中三叠世的大型全椎两栖类宽头远安鲵，东北晚侏罗世/早白垩世的多种滑体两栖类(如无尾类三燕丽蟾和北票中蟾，有尾类奇异热河螈和东方塘螈)，华北古近纪的蜥蜴类(如淅川短齿蜥和垣曲响蜥)，以及内蒙古晚白垩世的多种蜥蜴类等。

For the Batrachuperus tibetanus, the follicle cells are the main sites for e2, P and T, but the thecal cells are not shown to product steroid.

说明，在卵母细胞发育中，有尾两栖类和无尾两栖类性类固醇激素的作用有一些差异。

Our work here documents that atrazine affects amphibian's early development, so the second question is how is this happening?

& &我们这里的工作文件，莠去津影响到两栖类的早期发展，所以第二个问题是如何出现这样的情况？

The class of vertebrates that live on land but breed in water; frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians

a。两栖类的，水陆两用的n。两栖动物，水陆两用飞机，水陆两用车

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。