两方的

In the mixed linear model with two variance components, two positive estimates of variance component are proposed, which are dominate the ANOVA estimate and the Tatsuya estimate in the sense of mean-squared errors.

对含有两个方差分量的线性混合模型，本文给出了两个正的截尾估计，并指出它们在均方误差意义下优于ANOVA估计和Tatsuya估计。

Third, the discussion of the corresponding relationship of the real angles to the apparent real angles is performed, the asymptotic bias and MSE of real angles are given. Fourth, based on above conclusions, the analysis of two typical cases is made by numerical analysis and computer simulation: Case A when the impinging signals are divided into desired signals and interfering signals: it is shown that similar to Cyclic estimation of DOA, the smaller the separation between interfering direction and signal direction, in general, the smaller the estimation variance.

首先，研究了无穷快拍时信号数目有误的最大似然估计，引入了视在真实角度的概念；其次，导出了视在真实角度最大似然估计大样本时的分布以及渐近均方误差的解析表达式，而且还证明了：Stoica性能分析结果是现在的分析结果在信号数目准确时的特例；第三，讨论了真实角度与视在真实角度的关系，给出了真实角度的渐近偏和渐近均方误差；第四，依据前面的结果，利用数值分析和模拟实验的方法对两种典型情况做了分析： 1 在入射信号被分为干扰信号和所需信号情况下：结果表明：与CyclicDOA估计一样，干扰方向与所需信号方向靠的越近，所需信号估计的方差越小，越远离，方差越大。

The business model of this system is: The purchasing agent who operates the authority log-in www.gdmec.net, beginning direct purchase, this system offers two to purchase the entry , which are establish inquiry sheet manually and establish inquiry sheet in Synchronism, after entering procedure of purchasing , choosing the products from supplier's catalogue of purchasing, confirming inquiry sheet that is salesman of supplier that send , then filling in the basic information of the inquiry sheet, then sending the inquiry sheet; Then fill in the basic information of the inquiry sheet , then send the inquiry sheet; The supplier's salesman receives after the inquiry sheet, and then the products that will buy are offered to purchasing, purchase and then get quotation sheet can carry on counter-offer and carry on the rate of exchange to different quotation of supplier to receive, supplier offer and purchase square course of counter-offer not to can circulate, satisfied with quotation of supplier until purchase, the purchasing agent chooses to offer a satisfactory supplier and carry on the fixed price , turn into the order, the supplier receives after the order wanting to provide and respond, after accepting the order, should purchase the procedure and end .

本系统的业务模型为：具有操作权限的采购员登录国电物资商务网，进行直接采购，本系统提供两个采购入口，分别为手动创建询价单和同步创建询价单，在进入采购流程后，从供应商采购目录中选择产品，并确定该询价单要发送的供应商的销售员，接着填写询价单的基本信息，然后发送询价单；供应商的销售员接收到询价单后，针对采购方要购买的产品进行报价，采购方接收到报价单后可以进行还价和对不同的供应商的报价进行比价，供应商报价和采购方还价的过程可以循环，直到采购方满意供应商的报价为止，采购员选择报价满意的供应商进行定价，生成订单，供应商接收到订单后要给出回应，接受订单后，该采购流程宣告结束。

At the same time, the values range of two kinds of nonsquare constants and their values in real inner product space are given .

同时给出了两种点态非方常数的取值范围，和实内积空间中两种点态非方常数的值。

Methods: Using repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance process of the general linear model in SPSS and giving comparison among different groups and different measure time pairwise.

应用SPSS 11.0中一般线性模型(general linear model， GLM)的repeated measures和multivariate过程对水迷宫重复测量数据进行重复测量方差分析和多元方差分析，并进行不同时间点和不同组间的两两比较。

Second,a new estimator called generalized rootpower estimator of regression coefficients in growth curve model is obtained.For the newestimator,its superiority over the LS estimator and the root power estimator,and its admissibilityare proved.Two methods,two kinds of arithmetic of choosing the generalized root powerparameters are introduced.A demonstrative practical example is provided.

对增长曲线模型中的回归系数矩阵提出了一种新的估计——广义根方估计，并证明了通过广义根方偏参数的适当选取可使得该估计在均方误差和均方误差矩阵的意义下优于已有的最小二乘估计估计和根方估计；及证明了广义根方估计是可容许估计；还给出了选取广义根方偏参数的两种方法、算法和应用实例。

Five ways on comparing covariance matrix are applied to the Shanghai 50 Indexes Stock Exchange, which are sample covariance matrix, scalar matrix, two-parameter covariance matrix, single index matrix, constant correlation matrix. We adopt principal components method and Markowitz portfolio method to measure stock market risk using VaR, getting the effect of measuring market risk. The result shows that sample covariance matrix and two-parameter covariance matrix could measure market risk more effectively.

本文以上证50指数数据为样本，采用样本协方差矩阵、数量矩阵、两参数模型矩阵、单指数模型矩阵、常量相关矩阵作为与股票相关的协方差矩阵，结合投资策略选择的主成分方法和Markowitz最优投资组合方法，计算VaR以度量市场风险，并比较了五种协方差矩阵度量市场风险的效果，结果表明，在主成分方法中，样本协方差矩阵和两参数矩阵方法能有效的度量市场风险。

Assuming all samples coming from populations with the same standard deviation σ, the accuracy of estimating σ from observations of different parts influences control limits of target control chart. The dissertation points out shortcoming of traditional standard deviation estimates and proposes a unbiased estimate of σ which results in that the variation of the estimate is minimums and the control limits is set more reliably.

假设不同工件的样本标准方差均来自于同一分布，则以不同工件的样本标准方差对母体标准方差的估计的精确性直接影响了目标控制图控制界限计算的可靠性，本文分析了目标控制图传统的两种母体方差估计方法的合理性或稳健性较差的特点，给出了一种对σ无偏估计的优良方法，从而使这一方差估计量〓的散差最小，则依此最小方差的无偏估计量所得到的控制界限更为精确，更为可靠。

This paper presents the portfolio selection problem of two-attribute money and creates a model of portfolio selection based on two-attribute money, which can both contain the existing portfolio models and overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies. A series of new concepts is put forward, such as, holding wealth, obtainable wealth, short-term utility function, short-term expectation-variance utility function, state-expectation-variance utility function, short-term expectation-variance utility curve, long-term expectation-variance utility curve, margin utility contribution force, additional contribution force, profit-risk exchange rate and optimal portfolio expansion curve; The state-expectation-variance analytical method is developed from the expectation-variance analytical method; A set of systematic theories concerning two-attribute portfolio selection is thus established.

本文提出了两属性货币的证券组合选择问题；创建了既能包含现有证券组合选择模型又能克服上述两点不足的两属性证券组合选择模型；提出了持有财富、可获财富，短期效用函数，短期期望—方差效用函数、状态—期望—方差效用函数，短期期望—方差效用曲线、长期期望—方差效用曲线，边际效用贡献力，附加贡献力，收益—风险替换率，最优证券组合扩展线等一系列新概念；把期望—方差分析方法发展成状态—期望—方差分析方法；建立了两属性证券组合选择模型的一套系统的理论。

This demonstrates that it is necessary to carry out variance-covariance component estimation for the double-differenced GPS observables.

结果 两种方法估计的方差－协方差阵都与常用的先验协方差阵有明显区别；两种方法估计计算结果非常接近。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。