两性离子的

The reaction process in methanol solvent can be deduced from the computational results with CPCM solvent model and the supermolecular handling, namely the reaction involves four steps in the methanol solvent. The nucleophilic addition of trimethylamine to acraldehyde generates an enolate. Nucleophilic attack of the enolate on the aldehyde forms the carbon-carbon bond, followed by the proton-transfer process and the further elimination generating the product and liberating the trimethylamine catalyst.

对于CH3OH对反应体系的影响，可以综合考虑CPCM溶剂模型及超分子模型下的研究结果，即CH3OH溶剂中反应按四步进行，催化剂三甲胺首先与丙烯醛发生亲核加成，生成的两性离子中间体与甲醛发生类似于Aldol的醛醇缩合，形成碳-碳键，之后发生分子内质子转移，最后经E1cb消除得到产物，并释放催化剂三甲胺。

In the second part, amphoteric polyacrylamide was prepared by modification of NPAM.

本文第二部分研究了非离子性聚丙烯酰胺的改性，用以制备两性聚丙烯酰胺。

It was denoted that the toxicity of amphoteric surfactants is same as that of nonionic surfactants,which is lower than that of ionic surfactants and even lower than the toxicity of ethanol.

指出两性表面活性剂的毒性与非离子表面活性剂一样比离子型表面活性剂的低，甚至比乙醇的还要低。

In the meantime, we proposed a mechanism for this catalytic reaction. According to the possible formation of intermediate B, we designed a disubstituted ketene of more function to re-capture the zwitterion.

在同位素标记基础上，我们推测了这个N-甲基咪唑催化的二组分反应可能的机理，并根据此机理设计用一个二取代的烯酮来捕捉N-甲基咪唑和DMAD形成的两性离子。

This work examines the dycosacryl, anion, sexual and non-ionic surfactants on water-based ink matozoa stabhity to carbon black particles with an average particle size and electrostatic repulsion force index as a major investigation, on the water-based ink colloidal characteristics with a better understanding of, and find a suitable for water-based ink deink of surfactants.

不梢处事切磋了阳离子、阴离子、两性及否离子暗不天活性剂差火性油墨胶体稳不退性的感化，以炭暗粒子的均匀粒径和静电排不引力作为次要查核指标，差火性油墨胶体溶液共性有了进一步相识，并找到了一种合用于火性油墨废纸脱墨的暗不天活性剂。

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of amendments including nonion,anion and amphoteric polymer on adsorption of fertilizer ion〓onamended soil and the anti-water-washing of fertilizer in amended soil.

研究了几类聚合物（中性、阴离子型和两性型）对赤红壤吸附四种含肥料元素的离子和土壤肥料抗淋溶效果的影响。

The new opinion and mechanism that the simultaneously adsorption of complex pollution of both organic and heavy metals will be achieved on soil modified with amphoteric surface modifying agent, which have both charged group and organophilic group on one ASMA molecule, were proposed at first time, and its rationality was testified at the same time; The 50% was the critical CTMAB modifying ratio of soil CEC at which the organophilic bond modifying mechanism was emerged; The thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption of OPT and HMP on OMS were discovered ; The study revealed the surface peculiarity of OMS that the modifying agent were distributed at uneven scatter mode and multi-characters surface were coexisted on surface of OMS, revealed the adsorption peculiarity of OMS that multi-mechanisms were coexisted, confirmed the unequal charge amount modifying mode of OMS in which dual-modifying mechanism of both ion exchange and OPB were processed at the same time, and confirmed that the adsorption hobby to CTMAB was higher than that to Ca2+ on Lou soil.

首次提出了用两性表面修饰剂对土壤进行修饰改性，利用两性表面修饰剂所具有的荷电基团和疏水基团达到对土壤中有机、重金属污染物同时吸附的思路和机理，并通过实验证实了所提设想的合理性；发现了土壤CEC值的50%修饰比例是CTMAB开始显现以疏水键机制对土土样表面进行修饰的临界点；揭示了有机修饰改性土对有机物、重金属吸附过程的热力学特征，填补了该项研究工作的空白；阐明了修饰剂在改性土表面呈分散态的非均匀分布，改性土表面具有不同性质表面共存的表面特征和对污染物多机制共存的吸附特征，确定了阳离子表面修饰剂在土表面的修饰是一种离子交换和疏水键结合两种机制相伴并行且为非等电荷量交换的修饰反应模式，以及土具有对CTMAB的吸附偏好性远大于对钙离子吸附偏好性的特征。

The association defect formed by donor and acceptor was the obstacle of the electromigration of the Oxygen vacancy and the electron. The valence variation of MnO〓 during the sintering and reoxidation process can improve the insulation resistance effectively.

要发挥MgO受主掺杂的作用，同时要避免氧空位的增加。Y〓和Dy〓作为两性离子掺杂，减少了氧空位，产生的施主和受主相互缔合，成为氧空位和电子迁移的障碍。

It is concluded that the infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of protonated serine clusters H+n, n = 2 8, provides evidence for a size-dependent transition from neutral to zwitterionic network structures.

第四章的结论中提到由此一系列由二至八的丝胺酸团簇红外吸收光谱结果，我们观察到从二聚体的中性丝胺酸单位到八聚体的两性离子单位，中间经历了结构转换的过程。

The equilibrium geometries of squaraines substituted by heteropentacyclic, benzo fuzed heteropentacyclic, heterohexacyclic, benzo fuzed heterohexacyclic, heptacyclic, benzo fuzed heteroheptacyclic and zwitterionic squaraines were obtained with ab initio calculation at HF/6-31G* level and the electronic spectra were examined using CIS/6-31G* method.

用从头算6-31G~*方法优化了多种五元杂环、苯并五元杂环、六元杂环、苯并六元杂环、七元环和苯并七元杂环取代的方酸分子以及方酸两性离子分子的几何结构；用CIS／6-31G~*方法计算了其电子光谱；通过TDHF／6-31G~*方法计算其线性极化率、一阶和二阶超极化率来研究分子结构和非线性光学性质之间的关系，同时用两态模型解释了部分分子的一阶超极化率。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。