两属的

Enemion is the most primitive genus in this subfamily, from Enemion, other genera were derived through two different parallel phylogenetic sequences. Isopyrum is the typical genus of one evolution branch, while Aquilegia is another one.

假扁果草属是本亚科最原始类群，由该属沿两条不同的进化路线平行演化，一分枝以扁果草属为代表，一分枝以Aquilegia属为代表。

It is indicated that the involved species of this subfamily clustered into two clades: the first clade includes those of the genus Neptis, Phaedyma, Pantoporia and Lintinga; the second one includes those of the genus Parthenos, Moduza, Limenitis, Athyma, Lexias and Euthalia. The genus Limenitis is suggested to be monophyletic; and the genera Euthalia and Lexias proved to be sister to each other and form a monophyletic group. The genus Litinga appears to be more closely related to Neptini than to Limenitini.

基于Cytb基因的线蛱蝶亚科系统发育分析结果表明，所有线蛱蝶亚科聚为两大枝：第一枝包括环蛱蝶属、菲蛱蝶属、蟠蛱蝶属和缕蛱蝶属；第二枝包括丽蛱蝶属、穆蛱蝶属、线蛱蝶属、带蛱蝶属、律蛱蝶属和翠蛱蝶属；其中线蛱蝶属非单系群，翠蛱蝶属和律蛱蝶属则为单系发生，并构成姐妹群；缕蛱蝶属与环蛱蝶族亲缘关系较近。

Two new recorded genera of Hypericaceae in Yunnan Province -- Ascyrum L. and Triadenum Raf.

云南金丝桃科中两个新分布的属--四数金丝桃属和三腺金丝桃属。

The biosystematic relationship between two species of Nelumbo Adans.was studied by the method of karyotype analysis,genome analysis and silver-staining of interphase neclei in Nelumbo lutea Pers.

对莲属美洲黄莲和莲的3个品种的核型分析、染色体组分析和间期核银染，研究了莲属两个种的系统关系。莲属两个种的核型大致近似，均有2对具随体染色体。

The intergeneric phylogenetic trees of water lilies showed that Nelumbo and Ceratophyllum form a sister group, but with relatively high sequence divergence, supporting that place the two genera into two distinct families; and Brasenia and Cabomba form a sister group, with relatively low sequence divergence, supporting that the two genera were placed the same family Cabombaceae.

结果表明：莲属与金鱼藻属构成姐妹群，但序列分歧度较大，支持将两个属独立成科的观点；莼菜属与水盾草属构成姐妹群，且序列分歧度较小，支持现有的莼菜科处理。

The concrete work include: First, we consult a lot of herbarium specimen from PE, NAS, IFP and XJA etc.; Second, we collect more than 100 species of Brassicaceae from Xinjiang, Jilin and Shandong; Third, we study the phylogeny of Brassicaceae from China to approach some divergence on the tribe, genera and species of Brassicaceae using many ways including morphology, micromorphology and molecular systematics, furthermore, estimate the significance of every index.

2确定了两种模式植物-拟南芥与盐芥的系统学位置和系统学关系，认为两者分别归于拟南芥属和盐芥属，其亲缘关系较远，拟南芥属靠近须弥芥属、荠属、亚麻荠属、旗杆芥属、无苞芥属、糖芥属以及垂果南芥等，而盐芥属靠近山嵛菜属和沟子荠属，对于它们的深入认识，为两种模式植物在进化领域研究物种抗逆适应与趋异分化提供了一个不可多得的比较模式系统，以及更多可供比较的物种，具有重要的应用价值。

Recent results indicate that （1） Oryzeae is monophyletic and falls into two main clades corresponding to the traditionally recognized subtribes;（2） Close affinities of the monoecious genera are not supported, suggesting the multiple origins of unisexual florets;（3） Previous recognition of three monotypic genera （Hydrochloa, Porteresia and Prosphytochloa） is not justified;（4） Based on dating using molecular clock approach, it is estimated that Oryza and Leersia branched off from the remaining genera of Oryzeae -20 million years ago, and separated from each other -14 MYA.

目前已有的研究结果表明：稻族是单系类群，可分为两个主要分支，相当于传统的两个亚族（Zizaniinae和Oryzinae），但稻族单性花小穗是多次起源的，不宜作为划分亚族的依据；一些单型属（Hydrochloa、Porteresia和Prosphytochloa）的建立得不到分子证据的支持；根据分子钟原理估计稻族两个主要分支的分歧时间在大约2000万年前，而稻属和近缘属假稻属Leersia的分歧时间为1400万年：稻属内主要类群的分歧时间在900万年前左右。

Schisandra and Kadsura, the two genus of Schisandraceae, maybe originated from common ancestor, and evolved parallelly in different ways.

五味子科的两个属－五味子属和南五味子属，可能源于同一祖先并沿两条不同演化路线平行演化。

In addition,preliminary investigation about the correlations in the taxonomy, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Schisandraceae were reviewed based on references.Several correlations between the modern pharmacological researches and traditional therapeutic effects have been found.Moreover,it was also demonstrated the different pharmacological activity is related to the characteristic components of the two genera which provided the theoretical evidence to the further utilization of these plants.

同时，本文还综合了五味子科植物的传统分类学、化学成分研究、现代药理学研究及传统疗效的调查，对五味子科植物的药用植物亲缘学进行了初步探讨，发现五味子科药用植物的现代药理活性研究与传统疗效之间有很好的相关性，且很多活性也找到了相对应的物质基础，同时也向我们提示两属植物功效主治上差别的物质基础与特征性成分有关，为合理开发利用本科药用植物资源提供了理论依据。

Belong to the larger machine, the price from more than 10 million to hundreds of thousands, the difference between the two machines is provided by the pressure of the adequacy of standard nine millibars of pressure is atmospheric pressure, although small home appliances machine is constantly The improvement, however, constrained by the cost, so the pressure it is still to be questioned.

属於较大型的机台，价格从十几万到几十万，这两种的差别就在於机器所提供的压力是否足够，标准的压力是九毫巴的大气压力，小型的家电机器虽然也是不断的改进中，但受制於成本，因此它所产生的压力仍是有待质疑的。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。