两属的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

The entrance two trough cycad, look like two goalkeeper's full of energy standing in the entrance, is persevering own post.

入口处两个槽苏铁属植物，看起来像两个守门员的充满活力的站在门口，是坚持自己的职位。

They even had a third string to their bow in Michael Frater who along with two Trinidadians, two Americans and the man from Netherlands Dutch Antilles completed the field.

与他们在一起的还有同胞弗雷特、两个特立尼达和多巴哥选手，两个美国人，还有一个荷属安的列斯来的小伙。

Meiosis of Nelumbo was normal 5 and chromosome pattern was 8 Ⅱ; and few abnormalities , such as precocious segregation of bivalents at metapha...

莲属两个种之间不存在生殖隔离，仅存在地理隔离，因此把美洲黄莲作为莲的一个亚种处理，也许较目前作为两个独立的种更为恰当。

The main purpose of careful observations on external appearance and internal anatomy is to throw light on the evolution of the modem family Pinaceae:To Pinus, attention is paid to the relation of different subgenera, sections and subsections; to Pseudoaraucaria and Pityostrobus, through analysis of the extinct types, trying to clear the evolution relations among all genera so as to finish the systematic tree is of most importance. Currently there are two hypotheses, i.e. Pinus center theory and Pseudoaraucaria branch theory.

对松科化石球果进行细致的外部形态及内部结构的研究主要目的在于演化关系的探讨上：对于Pinus，主要探讨这个属内各个亚属、组、亚组之间的演化关系；对于Pityostrobus和Pseudoaraucaria，通过绝灭类型的分析，探索松科内各个类群的演化关系进而完成进化树是研究的主要方向，现在这方面已有了Pinus中心说及Pseudoaraucaria分支说两个假说。

The comparative study on vegetation background survey of the stationsand the comparison on level of phytocoenology on zonal habitats indicates thatthe diminishment of the numbers of families,genus and species,compositionof life types,diversity of communities and habitats,;and the increscence in theproportion of photosynthesis functional groups of C3/C4 plant,richness ofspecies,density of tussock and tiller,diversity of species,evenness,leaf areaindex,leaf area duration,dry matter production of communities alongside thelatitude increasing and the temperature decreasing;and the dynamic curve ofthe community productivity also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature going up and the heat accumulation gradually in moderate-temperate steppe station from violent fluctuation along with seasonal badly-distribution of precipitation in warm-temperature steppe station;manifestingthat transformable tendency of productivity pattern of the community from morevigorous net assimilation,sparser and higher crops stricture of tussock and tiller,and possession on more resources by less species inclined to thicker in densityof crops,superior effectiveness of multi-leaves and pattern of multi-speciesresource sharing,reflecting that bigger disparity of the vegetationcharacteristics and the style of the community growth in the two differentthermal-type steppe stations owing to background of natural-historicenvironment and combination of water and heat.

内蒙古草原区两个不同热量型研究站点植被本底调查和显域地境群落学水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，植物科、属、种的数目，生活型组成，群落类型和生境类型的多样性均趋于减少，而C3/C4光合功能群比值和群落的物种丰富度，株丛密度，物种多样性，群落均匀度，叶面积指数，叶面积持续时间和群落干物质生产能力均趋于增加，群落生产力动态曲线从随天然降水的季节分布不均而剧烈波动趋向于随气温逐渐升高和热量逐步积累而稳定增长，显示出两站点植物群落从较为旺盛的群体净同化作用、较为稀疏高大的群体结构和少数物种占有较多群落资源的生产力格局向较高的群体密度、优良的多叶性能和多物种资源共享的群落生产力格局转变，反映出在内蒙古草原区不同的自然历史环境背景和不同的温度条件及其水热组合状况影响下，两个不同热量型草原站点植被性质的分异特征和显域地境群落生长模式的较大差别。

The invention relates to a new strain producing taxol and a taxol preparation method. The taxol is a diterpenoid alkaloid drug which is extracted from taxaceae plants and has a plurality of anti-tumor effects. Taxus, also known as yew, is a prehistoric plant with a history of 0.2 billion years and is a rare plant species with low growing speed; the biological characteristics of the taxus have high demand on the ecological environment; the natural renewal ability is poor, so the amount of the species is very limited, belonging to an endangered protection plant with limited resource, thus, scientists at home and abroad actively research and develop new taxol sources. The new strain for producing the taxol of the invention is the strain which is first separated from the bark of T.cuspidate Sieb.

产紫杉醇的新菌种及其选育和制备紫杉醇的方法，紫杉醇是从红豆杉属植物中提取出来的具有多种抗肿瘤疗效的二萜生物碱类药物，由于红豆杉，又名紫杉，是两亿年前的史前植物，是珍稀树种，生长速度缓慢，并且其生物学特性对生态环境要求较高，天然更新能力差，所以种群数量极为有限，属濒危保护植物，资源十分有限，因此，国内外学者都在积极地研究开发紫杉醇的新药源，本发明产紫杉醇的新菌种，所述的新菌种为从东北红豆杉T.cuspidate Sieb。

Helicopter transfers from and to nearby airports for groups staying five nights or more, launch transfers for groups staying less than five nights, all meals and drinks, staff of eighteen, two freshwater pools and two Jacuzzis, flood lit tennis court and equipment, twelve luxurious bedrooms with en suite bathrooms, wind surfers, laser sailing dinghies, water skiing, snorkeling equipment, fishing equipment (not deep-sea), two underwater Sea Sprints, launch trips to other islands in BVI, one-day yacht charter for groups staying five nights or more, video, book and music libraries, full-sized snooker table, board games (children's books and games), and work-out equipment.

直升机转移和邻近机场的群体住五晚或以上，启动转让的团体停留不到五夜，所有餐费和饮料，工作人员18 ，两个淡水池和两个按摩浴缸，洪水点燃网球场和设备， 12间豪华套房的卧室与浴室，风力冲浪，激光风帆，滑水，潜水设备，捕鱼设备，两个水下海上短跑，发射前往其他岛屿，英属维尔京群岛，为期一天的游艇宪章群体住五晚或以上，视频，书籍和音乐图书馆，全尺寸的斯诺克球桌上，棋盘游戏，以及工作的设备。

The fact that Chinese and Western dyslexics show structural abnormalities in different brain regions suggests that dyslexia may even be two different brain disorders in the two streams of culture.

阅读中文与阅读西方书面语言的失读症患者，在脑部不同部分出现结构性病变和异常的功能活动，显示在这两大文化体系中，阅读障碍可能属於两种不同的脑部发育失调。

On the basis of ecologic balance, developing the complex biological preparation as a goal, we first explored two compatibly antagonists to control the leaf disease of forest plant and hoped this two antagonistic fungi could play a cooperative role in controlling the pine needle blight. The main research results were as follows: 1 , The dual test showed the two antagonistic fungi(Gliocladiutm virens ,Bacillus firmus)had some differences to Pestalotia funerea in the inhibition mode. The role of G virens to the P.funerea, mainly displayed the competition in the nutrition and space, but the B. firmus had the distinct inhibition zone to the P.

本研究以生态平衡为理论基础，开发复合生物制剂为目标，首次将两种亲和拮抗菌用于森林植物叶部病害，以期两种复合拮抗菌在松属植物赤枯病防治中发挥协同作用，其主要研究结果如下： 1、对峙培养显示两种颉抗菌(Gliocladium virens、Bacillus firmus)对赤枯病菌的抗生方式有一些差异。G.virens对P.funerea的作用，主要表现为营养与空间上的竞争，无抑菌圈；而B.firmus对P.funerea有明显的抑菌圈(平均6mm)，对峙培养4-5d后菌丝逐稀疏、干枯、变黄。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。