丝状体

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

The relationships between filamentous organisms and flocculate structure in the activated sludge were studied in this paper.

通过试验和观察，研究了活性污泥中丝状菌与絮体结构的关系。

The relationships between filamentous organisms and flocculate stucture in the activated sludge were studied in this paper.

通过试验和观察，研究了活性污泥中丝状菌与絮体结构的关系。

In contrast, the AS sludge was composed of large floes; few free-swimming bacteria; and higher amounts of filamentous organism, ciliates, and nematodes.

相反，AS的污泥由大颗粒絮体，大量的丝状生物体、纤毛虫、线虫组成，没有自由菌。

It was found that the structure of activated sludge could be divided into six types.

通过试验和观察，研究了活性污泥中丝状菌与絮体结构的关系。

The sludge in SBMBR1 presented granular characteristics and settled very well. The sludge in SBMBR1was brown and the sludge flocs was smashed by the shear force due to high intensity of aeration. The sludge size decreased and the sludge flocs blended with water forming ropy solutions, and there was no distinguish interface between water and sludge. Low sludge age and high loading operation enabled the sludge in SBMBR1 keeping higher sludge activity and the MLVSS/MLSS ratio and SOUR values of SBMBR1 were higher than SBMBR2. Both in SBMBR1 and SBMBR2, there were large amount of zoogloea, bacillus, coryneform of bacteria, and pediococcus. However, in SBMBR1 there were also a lot of Protozoa like epistylis and etc. A certain amount of filamentous bacteria can also be found in SBMBR1. The biological species in SBMBR1 were much more abundant than that in SBMBR2.3. Membrane fouling on flat-sheets membrane was observed and analyzed with AFM, SEM and TEM. After the measurement of membrane surface EPS and membrane surface ETX analysis, the pollutants composition on the surface of flat-sheets membrane was calculated.

从外观观察SBMBR1反应器中的活性污泥呈浅黄色，随着运行时间的增加，污泥粒径逐步增加，SV、SVI值逐步下降，呈现出较强的颗粒特征，沉降性能良好；SBMBR2污泥呈土黄色，污泥絮体被高强度的曝气所产生的切应力所打碎，污泥粒径迅速降低，絮体较为细碎，和水相混合成均一粘稠的溶液，看不到泥水分界面；低泥龄、高负荷运行，使得SBMBR1可以保持较高的微生物活性，MLVSS/MLSS值、SOUR值均高于SBMBR2；两级反应器活性污泥中均有大量的菌胶团，长杆菌、短杆菌和球菌是构成主体，但SBMBR1活性污泥中含有大量固着型原生动物如累枝虫等，还存在着一定数量的丝状菌，生物相要比SBMBR2丰富。3、借助原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对平板膜污染现象进行观测和分析，并通过膜表面污染物EPS测定、污染膜表面能谱分析，得出平板膜表面污染物的组成。

Compared to the wild type, the mutants' resistant capacity to Cu~(2+) declined and indicates that the Copper-transporting P-type ATPase gene plays an important role in resistance to heavy metal ion such as Cu~(2+) in filaceous fungi Penicillium janthinillum GXCR

对突变体进行抗铜水平检测发现抗Cu~(2+)能力与野生型对照有下降，表明铜转运P型ATP酶基因在丝状真菌微紫青霉菌Penicillium janthinillum GXCR的抗铜能力上起一定作用。

It is of great significance to grow the strain into the appropriate pellet form for the industrial fermentation of filamentous fungi.

发酵过程中控制菌体为适宜的菌球形态对于丝状真菌发酵的工业化放大具有重要的研究意义。

Results Under TEM, the surface and nuclear membrane split, a great number of vacuoles and high electron density particles appeared in the cytoplasm in Pc trophozoites, vacuoles also did in Pc cysts, intracystic bodies became denaturation and necrosis; under SEM, filopodia and microvilli became sparse,short and fell off, a breach appeared in the surface membrane in Pc trophozoites.

结果 透射电镜发现Pc滋养体表膜和核膜破裂，胞质中出现大量空泡和高电子密度颗粒，Pc包囊中也出现空泡，囊内小体变性坏死；扫描电镜发现Pc滋养体丝状伪足和微绒毛稀疏、变短甚至脱落，表膜出现缺损。

Cdc42 and Rac1 have similar effects on cytoskeleton. They both promote the actin polymerization in the cell and profit the formation of filopodia and lamelipodia respectively.

Cdc42和Rac促进细胞内肌动蛋白聚合，分别有利于丝状伪足和片状伪足的形成；而RhoA可能具有与Cdc42 和Rac相反的效果，通常造成细胞边缘和突起的收缩及胞体变圆。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。