东北

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

It indicated evidently tropical floristic remnant and affinity in the Alsophila spinulosa community. Comparing with the fossil flora from late Cretaceous and Tertiary (i.e. Northeast China flora, Fushun flora in Liaoning, Jinggu flora in Yunnan and Shanwang in Shandong) in China, pteridophyte flora of the Reserve was quite similar to that of late Cretaceous. Nevertheless, its spermatophyte flora was little similar to that of Tertiary, where angiosperm were booming in that period.

将之与中国晚白垩纪和新生代第三纪中国东北、辽宁抚顺、云南景谷、山东山旺化石植物类群相比，发现桫椤群落中蕨类植物成分与其晚白垩纪化石植物群有着高度的相似性，而其种子植物组成与其后兴起的第三纪被子化石群不甚相似。

Inhabitants of the KamchitkaPeninsula, in Northeastern Siberia, traditionally drank the urine of individuals who had ingested the psychedelic mushroom amanita muscaria.

在西伯利亚东北的安奇卡半岛的居民，有喝个人尿（他们是吃了迷幻性蘑菇伞形蝇毒菇）的传统。

Located on the High Plains of the Texas Panhandle, 17 miles northeast of Amarillo, Pantex is centered on a 16,000-acre site just north of U. S. Highway 60 in Carson County.

在得克萨斯州的狭长地带，17英里高阿马里洛东北平原，位于潘太克斯的焦点集中在1 16，000英亩的土地北部的60号公路卡森县。

I like eat cool-friuts in my grademother home,it is ambrosia in my hometown in winter!~~ so nice!

好喜欢在姥姥家吃着冻柿子，这是冬天里东北特有的水果，很好吃哦！

Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotope data for amphibolite of the Bayanduxi Group, Inner Mongolia, China, are presented in the paper.

白银都西群主要由斜长角闪岩、变粒岩、长英片岩和条带状混合岩组成，是白银都西-白乃庙地体的重要组成部分[1，3]，主要分布在内蒙古白乃庙铜矿床东北白银都西一带。

Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education

东北大学材料各向异性与织构教育部重点实验室，沈阳 110004

These projects are: the "three norths" shelterbelts (the western area of Northeast, and the northern parts of North and Northwest China), the shelterbelts along the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the coastal shelterbelts, the plain farmland shelterbelts, the Taihang Mountains afforestation project, the anti-desertification project, the shelterbelts for comprehensive control in the Huaihe River and Taihu Lake basins, the shelterbelts for comprehensive control in the Pearl River basin, the shelterbelts for comprehensive control in the Liaohe River basin, and the shelterbelts along the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

这些工程是："三北"（东北西部、华北北部、西北地区）防护林体系工程、长江中上游防护林体系工程、沿海防护林体系工程、平原农田防护林体系工程、太行山绿化工程、防治沙漠化工程、淮河太湖流域综合治理防护林体系工程、珠江流域综合治理防护林体系工程、辽河流域综合治理防护林体系工程、黄河中游防护林体系工程。

These projects are: the ''three norths'' shelterbelts (the western area of Northeast, and the northern parts of North and Northwest China), the shelterbelts along the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the coastal shelterbelts, the plain farmland shelterbelts, the Taihang Mountains afforestation project, the anti-desertification project, the shelterbelts for comprehensive control in the Huaihe River and Taihu Lake basins, the shelterbelts for comprehensive control in the Pearl River basin, the shelterbelts for comprehensive control in the Liaohe River basin, and the shelterbelts along the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

这十大林业生态工程是："三北"(东北西部、华北北部、西北地区)防护林体系工程、长江中上游防护林体系工程、沿海防护林体系工程、平原农田防护林体系工程、太行山绿化工程、防治沙漠化工程、淮河太湖流域综合治理防护林体系工程、珠江流域综合治理防护林体系工程、辽河流域综合治理防护林体系工程、黄河中游防护林体系工程，规划造林总面积1.2亿公顷。

The results show that:(1) the dynamical conditions for returnflow events are a little different from other rainfall events, with divergence and anticyclonic circulation at lower levels;(2) the air of the returnflow from Northeast China, through the Bohai Sea, then to North China, is relatively dry.

结果表明：涡度和散度的垂直分布与一般的降水过程不同，低层存在辐散和反气旋环流；自东北南下经渤海回流到华北平原的空气是比较干的。该文分析结果有助于预报业务人员了解回流天气，提高华北回流天气的预报准确率。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。