东亚

The stress map shows the spatial distribution of the o rientation of principal stress axes and the stress regimes An earthquake focal m echanism map for the eas...

主应力方向分布特征表明，东亚地区的现今构造应力场除受印度-欧亚板块碰撞的强烈影响外，俯冲带的弧后扩张亦有重要影响。

The proletarianization process in the industrial economy in East Asia is radically different from either what is described in the proletarianization theory based on the experiences of the early industrialization in the west, or the semi-peripheral developmental pattern in Latin America and Africa.

东亚工业化经济中的无产阶级化历程，无论是与基于西方早期工业化经验的无产阶级化理论相比较，还是与拉丁美洲或非洲半边陲式发展的模式相比较，都是极其不同的。

Third, it is the East Asian region to promote peace, development and cooperation is essential.

第三，它对推进东亚地区和平、发展与合作是十分必要的。

However, modern psychiatry was poorly developed in East Asia in the former part of the 20th century.

然而，在 20 世纪的前部分，现代精神病学在东亚的发展并不好。

The percent of Cosmopolitan genus increase along with the elevation, but the trend is contrary to that of the pteridophyte genus.

在垂直梯度上：种子植物属热带分布诸类的比例自海拔400至800米（～1100米）之间呈上升趋势，然后下降；温带分布的第8、9、10、11类随海拔而上升；地中海—中亚中心分布的第12、13类只见于比较干热的河谷地带；东亚分布和中国特有属在海拔900～1100m和1600～1800m段取得小的峰值；世界分布属的比例随海拔而上升，蕨类植物属则相反。

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了"锚定"的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

Korea and Japan, two other quintessentially east Asian countries, consume more than 55% of their GDP.

日本和韩国这两个典型的东亚国家，其消费占GDP的比例均超过55%。

On the other hand, when the tropical western Pacific is in a cooling state in spring, convective activities are weakened around the Philippines. In this case, there is an anticyclonic anomaly circulation in the lower troposphere over the South China Sea, and the western Pacific subtropical high shifts westward, thus, the late onset of the SCSM can be caused. Moreover, when the tropical western Pacific is also in a cooling state, convective activities around the Philippines are also weak in summer, since the abrupt northward-shift of the western Pacific subtropical high is not obvious in mid-June and early July and it gradually shifts northward during its northward advance in this case, the East Asian summer monsoon rainband can be maintained in the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River valleys.

相反，当春季热带西太平洋处于冷状态，菲律宾周围对流活动弱，在这种情况下，南海上空对流层下层有反气旋性距平环流，西太平洋副热带高压偏西，从而使得南海夏季风爆发晚；并且，当夏季热带西太平洋也处于冷状态，菲律宾周围对流活动也很弱，在这种情况下，西太平洋副热带高压北进时，在6月中旬或7月初向北突跳并不明显，而是以渐进式向北移动，从而使得东亚季风雨带一直维持在长江流域和淮河流域。

The results show that when the tropical western Pacific is in a warming state in spring, convective activities are intensified around the Philippines. In this case, there is a cyclonic anomaly circulation in the lower troposphere over the South China Sea, and the western Pacific subtropical high shifts eastward, thus, the early onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon can be caused. Moreover, when the tropical western Pacific is also in a warming state, convective activities around the Philippines are also strong in summer, since the western Pacific subtropical high abruptly shifts northward in mid-June and early July during its northward advance in this case, the abrupt northward-shift of the East Asian summer monsoon rainband from South China to the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River valleys is obvious in mid-June and this monsoon rainband again jumps northward from the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River valleys to the Yellow River valley, North China and Northeast China in early July.

分析结果表明：当春季热带西太平洋处于暖状态，菲律宾周围对流活动强，在这种情况下，南海上空对流层下层有气旋性距平环流，西太平洋副热带高压偏东，从而使得南海夏季风爆发早；并且，当夏季热带西太平洋也处于暖状态，菲律宾周围对流活动也很强，在这种情况下，西太平洋副热带高压北进时，在6月中旬和7月初存在明显的突跳，从而使得东亚季风雨带在6月中旬明显由华南北跳到江淮流域，并于7月初由江淮流域北跳到黄河流域、华北和东北地区。

The characteristics of the general circulation in winter,spring and summer, East Asian monsoon, summer rainfall and the distribution of drought/flood in China are discussed.

我国夏季降水和旱涝有明显差异的四种不同分布型可能与冬季所处 ENSO循环的不同阶段以及大气环流和东亚季风对它的不同响应有关。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。