丛枝病

Based on the results of 16SrDNA and rp gene sequence analysis, CWB and SWB in China were identified and sorted as Aster yellows group (16SrI) and Elm yellows group(16SrV) respectively for the first time, and JWB and WJWB were proved to be the same pathogen.

根据16SrDNA序列分析和比较，首次将我国发生的苦楝丛枝病和国槐丛枝病进行了鉴定和归类，CWB为翠菊黄化组；SWB为榆树黄化组成员。

So the results made it clear that these two phytoplasma strains are one of the members of Aster yellows phytoplasma group (16SrI-B, rp-B group).

本研究同时还运用PCR-RFLP技术对上述两个植原体株系进行酶切图谱比较分类鉴定以及确定来源不同的苦楝丛枝病植株是否存在不同亚组的植原体株系复合侵染的现象，结果也表明这两个株系均属于翠菊黄化组B亚组，且采自不同省份的两个苦楝丛枝病植株没有植原体株系的复合侵染。

This phytoplsma sample belongs to the 16SrⅠgroup and is tentatively named as Chinaberry witches'-broom phytoplasma strain Hainan.

引起我国海南苦楝丛枝病的植原体应归属于16SrⅠ组，将其暂命名苦楝丛枝植原体海南株系。

Chinaberry witches'broom, Ziziphus jujube witches'broom, Mulberry dwarf disease, JWB and Paulownia witches' broom phytoplasmas were identified by comparative studies of PCR amplify of phytoplasmal 16SrDNA、23rDNA and ribosomal protein gene, heteroduplex mobility assay, RFLP of PCR-amplified products (16S rDNA), cloning and sequence analysis of 16SrDNA and rp gene. An efficient procedure for rapid identification and differentiation of phytoplasmas was established, which could identify and differentiate phytoplasma collected from field.

通过对桑萎缩病、枣疯病、酸枣丛枝病、泡桐丛枝病和苦楝丛枝病植原体16SrDNA、23SrDNA和核糖体蛋白基因的PCR扩增、异源双链迁移率分析、16SrDNA PCR产物的限制性片段多态性分析以及植原体16SrDNA和rp基因的克隆和序列分析等比较研究，建立了一种快速确定未知植原体种类和分类地位的分子鉴别与鉴定优化程序；此程序可对田间采集的各种植物植原体样品直接进行快速鉴定和鉴别。

Using universal primers (R16mF2/Rl and R16F2/R2) for 16S rRNA and primers (rpF1/rpR1) for ribosomal protein gene to detect phytoplasmas associated with of chinaberry tree witches'-broom from Yunnan and Guizhou Province by polymerase chain reaction.

根据植原体16S rRNA基因通用引物序列(R16mF2/R16mRl、R16F2/R16R2)及核糖体蛋白基因通用引物序列(rpF1/rpR1)，应用PCR技术对采自不同省份的苦楝丛枝病植原体进行检测，结果从两个植物上分别获得苦楝丛枝病植原体云南株系和贵州株系。

The results are showed as follow:1 The biological characteristics of the pathogenThe pathogen of Eucalyptus Dieback is Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum Figueredo.

病原菌的生物学特性桉树焦枯病的病原菌是半知菌亚门丛梗孢目帚梗柱枝孢属的帚梗柱枝菌(Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum Figueredo)。

The typi ca1 symptom j s fold and b1 istering, even d istortj on, 1ops i ded j -- eaf, shorti ng p ant, there are motley with 1ight green and deep green, and some of the motey are ye1wt MM 1eave M tny: the i.1--1ed has arias mosai c, 1ops i ded, and the tissue of the i11--1eaf has deteriorated exceeding1y, with s1ender pteridophyte 1.eaves, i l1 p1ant is green--yeI 1ow, obvious1y shortened in joint, the who1e p1ant serious1y shortened and grows thickly.

南瓜病毒病的典型症状为皱缩有疱斑、甚至扭曲，病叶畸形，植株矮化；花叶叶片上出现淡绿色和深绿色相间的斑驳，有的斑驳明显黄化；蕨叶丛枝型：病叶不但严重花叶、畸形，而且叶肉组织极度退化，纤细呈蕨叫叶状，病株黄绿色，节间明显缩短，整个植株严重矮化丛枝状。

Comparing the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal protein gene, we could find that these two strains have the highest homology of 99.4% and 99.8%, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene for the CWB-YN strain shared higher homology (98.5%,98.9% and 98.0%) with phytoplasma strains in Tomato big bug 16SrI-A group, Western aster yellow (16SrI-B group and Clover phyllody (16SrI-C group). But it is obviously under 97.0% with other phytoplasma groups. The CWB-GZh strain shared higher homology (98.7%,99.1% and 98.3%) with phytoplasma strains in Tomato big bug(16SrI-A group ),Western aster yellow (16SrI-B group) and Clover phyllody (16SrI-C group).

苦楝丛枝病植原体云南株系与其它组16S rRNA基因序列的同源率进行比较，结果与16SrI-A组中的番茄巨芽病植原体(Tomato big bug，BB)、16SrI-B组中的西方翠菊黄化病植原体(Western aster yellow，SAY)和16SrI-C组中的三叶草变病植原体(Clover phyllody，CPh)同源率达最高，分别为98.5%、98.9%和98.0%，而与其它组的植原体16S rRNA基因序列的同源率均低于95%；苦楝丛枝病植原体贵州株系与16Sr I-A组的番茄巨芽病植原体(Tomato big bug，BB)、16Sr I-B组的西方翠菊黄化病植原体(Western aster yellow， SAY)和16SrI-C组中的三叶草变叶病植原体(Clover phyllody，CPh)的同源率达最高，分别为98.7%、99.1%和98.3%。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。