丘脑上的

Results: It was observed that projections from IN to hypothalamus passed through the superior cerebellar peduncle, crossed in its decussation and then many of them entered posterior hypothalamic area by iontophoresis of Dextran-Texas Red to cerebellar IN. Using the methods of iontophoresis of Fluoro-Ruby and double labelling staining, it was also observed that the neurons projecting to PH in cerebellar IN were glutamatergic neurons.

结果：小脑间位核电泳Dextran-TR后示踪可见间位核神经元发出离核纤维，行走于同侧小脑上脚中，在小脑上脚交叉处交叉到对侧，然后继续走行于小脑上脚中，到下丘脑后较多纤维终止于下丘脑后区；在下丘脑后区电泳Fluoro-Ruby后可逆行追踪到小脑间位核神经元，荧光双标法显示投射到下丘脑后区的小脑间位核神经元中有谷氨酸能神经元。

Neuronal cell bodies and fibers with moderate mGluR7-LI were seen in the olfactory bulb,anterior olfactory nucleus,piriform cortex,septofimbrial nucleus,bed nucleus of the strial terminalis,lateral hypothalamic area,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus,supramammillary nucleus,medial and lateral mammillary nuclei,most part of the thalamus,medial and lateral geniculate bodies,nucleus of the optic tract,red nucleus,substantia nigra,interpeduncular nucleus,pontine nuclei,lateral parabrachial nucleus,superior olivary complex,nucleus of the trapezoid body,motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve,facial nucleus,ambiguus nucleus,cochlear nucleus,vestibular nuclei,nucleus of the solitary tract,hypoglossal nucleus,prepositus hypoglossal nucleus,medullary reticular formation,Purkinje cells of the cerebellum,nucleus raphe obscurus,intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord,Onuf′s nucleus and lamina X of the spinal cord.

呈中等强度染色的神经元胞体和纤维见于嗅结节、前嗅核、梨状皮质、隔伞核、终纹床核、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑室旁核、乳头体上核、乳头体内、外核、丘脑大部分核团、内外侧膝状体、视束核、红核、黑质、脚间核、桥核、臂旁外侧核、上橄榄复合体、斜方体核、三叉神经运动核、面神经核、疑核、耳蜗核、前庭核簇、楔束外核、孤束核、舌下神经核、舌下神经前置核、中缝隐核、延髓网状结构、小脑蒲肯野细胞层、脊髓中间带外侧核、Onuf核和中央管周围灰质。

Methods:The expression distribution and developmental changes of nNOS were examined using immunohistochemical in the SD rat brain following systemic administration of γ-butyrolactone,and the effect of valproic acid on the GHB-induced expression of the nNOS was investigated.

用nNOS抗体免疫组织化学法在γ-羟基酸诱导性大鼠失神发作模型上，对丘脑nNOS的表达分布、动态演变过程以及丙戊酸对nNOS表达的影响进行了观察和探讨。

Results The Fos reactive products were distributed in the piriform cortex,accumbens nucleus,bed nucleus of stria terminalis, cingulate gyrus,nucleus of diagonal band, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, central amygdaloid, subfornical organ, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, lateral habenular nucleus,ventrolateral part of the central gray,lateral parabrachial nucleus,locus ceruleus,medullary visceral zone.

结果 Fos阳性产物分布于梨状皮质、伏核、终纹床核、扣带回、斜角带核、下丘脑室旁核、视上核、视交叉上核、弓状核、中央杏仁核、穹窿下器、丘脑室旁核、外侧缰核、中脑中央灰质腹外侧区、脑桥臂旁外侧核、蓝斑、延髓内脏带等脑区，而在大脑白质及小脑中无明显的密集分布区。

However, significant differences in ADC in different diffusion gradients were found within normal human brain parenchyma, which including caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, centrum semiovale, posterior limb of internal capsule, and corpus callosum, except the thalamus.

而除丘脑外的正常脑灰质团块及白质（半卵圆中心、内囊后肢、胼胝体膝部和压部）的ADC值在不同扩散梯度方向上存在显著性差异（P≤0.05）。

⑴There are NOS/ER positive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, periventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area.⑵The double-labeled neurons were mostly distributed in the medial dorsal and lateral dorsal of supraoptic nucleus and in the medial parvicellular, ventral zone. They were extensive slightly,but scattered in lateral hypothalamic area, sporadic in the periventricular nucleus.

1在大鼠下丘脑视上核、室旁核、下丘脑外侧区及室周核均有NOS与ER双染神经元分布。2 NOS与ER双染神经元主要集中分布在视上核的背内侧和背外侧部及室旁核小细胞部腹内侧区，在下丘脑外侧区分布较广但比较分散，室周核呈散在分布。

A syringomyelic cavity in the cervical gray matter interrupts the crossing of pain-mediating spinothalamic fibers, causing a bilateral loss of pain and temperature and possibly bilateral flaccid paralysis of the muscles of the upper limbs.

一个脊髓空洞腔颈的灰色物质中断的交叉自於脊髓与丘脑纤维的调节导致两侧的丧失疼痛和温度也许肌肉松弛的麻痹上面的肢体。

The latest work, in primates, found that scratching the skin blocks activity of nerve cells in the spinothalamic tract during itchiness - preventing the spinal cord from transmitting signals from the scratched area of skin to the brain.

对灵长类动物最新研究发现挠皮肤阻碍了在出现痒感觉期间脊椎丘脑路径上的神经细胞活动--从而防止了脊髓把那个被挠皮肤区域发送信号给大脑。

Results: This BVTS was caused by bilateral ventromedial thalamic infarctions, the brain MRI showed symmeteic bilateral ventromedial thalamic long Ti and T2 signals.

结果：本病为双侧腹内侧丘脑梗塞引起，MRI上为双侧中线旁丘脑对称性分布的蝶形长T1、长T2信号。

When aborted rats were injected with 10 IU/g IFN-γin group D, compared with group A, expression of TNF-αinmmuopositive substance in the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami were highly increased, conversely, the ones in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, neurohypophsis, adenohypophysis, ovary were obviously decreased, the change in the uterus was not remarkable; Compared with group B, expression of TNF-αin the arcuatus hypothalami was obviously enhanced, while in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, ovary, the results were on the contrary, the uterus had no significantly variation; Compared with group C, expression of TNF-αin the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis and pars intermedia had an obviously risen trend, however, the variation in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, follicle and corpus luteum was completely opposite, uterus had no obviously change.

外源腹腔注射10 IU/g IFN-γ后，同A组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核显著降低，在其它核团较A组无显著差异，在神经垂体、垂体前叶、卵巢中阳性产物表达均较A组显著降低，在子宫中的表达较A组变化不明显；同B组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、神经垂体、垂体中间部、卵巢各部阳性物质表达均显著降低，在子宫表达变化不显著；同C组相比：D组下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、室旁核、弓状核、垂体前叶与中间部均显著增高，在视交叉上核、室周核、神经垂体、卵泡、黄体中均显著降低，子宫中表达变化不明显。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。