世纪末

The realistic painting in the Western country is one of the most splendid chapters in the history of fine arts . At the end of 19thcentury it faced the challenge of photography and modern Western arts, but both proved not to be the "killer". Instead the social context focusing on the economic efficiency and the onesided mainstream ideology dominating the contemporary Western arts were the real barrier for its development.

写实主义绘画，尤其是西方写实主义绘画，曾经是人类美术史上最为辉煌的篇章之一。19世纪末之后，它受到摄影术、现代艺术的挑战，然而，它们不是写实主义绘画的&克星&；以经济效率为核心的社会环境与片面的西方艺术&主流意识&，才是写实主义绘画发展的真正阻碍。

On the other hand, because this ideology regards"substance"as center, onesidedly stressing the oppose between human and nature and human themselves. The ideology finally makes western society move towards"the limits of development"on the end of twenty century.

一方面，这种实践理念对西方社会工业文明的发展起了巨大的推动作用；另一方面，由于这种实践理念以&物&为中心，片面强调了人与自然、人与人的对立，到了20世纪末的今天，终于使西方社会走到了&发展的极限&。

From the end of 19~ century to the beginning of 20~ century is the incubation period of Brazil agricultural modernization.

从19世纪末到20世纪初是巴西农业现代化的酝酿时期。

Abstract］The reason why trust property right in common law system is incompatible with the system of right in rem in civil law lies in the two characteristics of such right rooted in British history since the 11th century: firstly, the English trust property right is based on the concept of estate and, therefore, has the characteristic of the estate, which means it is possible to have more than one right in one thing; and secondly, trust property right in common law system is created on the basis of agreement and therefore is inseparable from the right in personam.

内容提要：英美信托财产权之所以难以融入大陆法物权体系，根源于11世纪末以来英国历史所赋予它的两大特性：第一，英美信托财产权以地产权为基础，具有地产权的特性，可以一物多权；第二，英美信托财产权的创设基于合意，具有与\&债权\&密不可分的交叉特性。李培锋，中南财经政法大学法学院副教授。

It consisted of a vast number of protectorates, Crown colonies, spheres of influence, and self-governing dominions.

在18世纪末、19世纪初，受到海外移民浪潮的鼓舞，英国殖民者很快加他们的扩张到加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰。

It consisted of a ast number of protectorates, Crown colonies, spheres of influence, and self-goerning dominions.

在18世纪末、19世纪初，受到海外移民浪潮的鼓舞，英国殖民者很快加他们的扩张到加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰。

It consisted ofa vast number of protectorates, Crown colonies, spheres of influence, andself-governing dominions.

在18世纪末、19世纪初，受到海外移民浪潮的鼓舞，英国殖民者很快加他们的扩张到加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰。

It c**isted of a vast number of protectorates, Crown colonies, spheres of influence, and self-governing domini**.

在18世纪末、19世纪初，受到海外移民浪潮的鼓舞，英国殖民者很快加他们的扩张到加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰。

The hot pepper was introduced into China from South America around the end of the 17th century.

辣椒传入中国从南美洲的17世纪末。

The purpose of tracing its past is to understand better the theories and research methodology of psycholinguistics for the time being so as to do a better job in this field.

二、兴起与发展1。早期研究19世纪末20世纪初可以说是心理语言学的第一个繁荣时期。欧洲的德国是当时实验心理学研究的中心。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。