世纪末

Today, we walked leisurely in the street, following the steps of those Tartars to and from, leading camels fully loaded with silk and tea and carrying gold and jewelries. Air now is quiet and odourless, but it must have been echoed with huckstering and singing and dancing then. At the end of the 13th Century, the Mongolians set a fire and the whole city was torn down to ruins. Then the history paused here, frozen and heavily settled.

如今我们正漫步的街道上，当年一定有满载着丝绸茶叶的骆驼和怀揣着金银珠宝的胡人络绎往来，如今寂嗅无声的空中，当年一定回荡着叫卖声歌舞声。13世纪末，蒙古人的一把大火让故城成了一片废墟，然后历史便在这里停下了脚步，凝固沉淀。

First there was medicine, via the "nervous disorders"; next psychiatry, when it set out to discover the etiology of mental illnesses, focusing its gaze first on "excess," then onanism, then frustration, then "frauds against procreation," but especially when it annexed the whole of the sexual perversions as its own province; criminal justice, too, which had long been concerned with sexuality, particularly in the form of "heinous" crimes and crimes against nature, but which, toward the middle of the nineteenth century, broadened its jurisdiction to include petty offenses, minor indecencies, insignificant perversions; and lastly, all those social controls, cropping up at the end of the last century, which screened the sexuality of couples, parents and children, dangerous and endangered adolescents-undertaking to protect, separate, and forewarn, signaling perils everywhere, awakening people's attention, calling for diagnoses, piling up reports, organizing therapies.

首当其冲的是医学，它藉由的是&神经紊乱症&；精神病学后发先至，它着手探求精神疾病的病因。起初它目不转睛于&性无度&，接着是手淫，而后是欲求不满，而后是&反生育欺诈&，更为特别是，它将性倒错的研究领域，整个地占为己有。刑事审判也参与其中，它对于&性&的关注由来已久，特别是那些&十恶不赦&，有违人伦的性犯罪。但是，十九世纪中期，它开始大显身手，轻微犯，未成年犯、无足轻重的性倒错都难逃法网。最后，所有这些在19世纪末突现的社会控制，承担着防护、隔离与预警的责任，于是，关于&性&的危言四起、触目惊心，诊断&性&已时不我待，&性&报告堆积如山，&性&治疗大张旗鼓，以此掩护夫妻们、父母们与儿童们、以及处于或步入&危险的青春期&少年们的&性&万无一失。

First there was medicine, via the "nervous disorders"; next psychiatry, when it set out to discover the etiology of mental illnesses, focusing its gaze first on "excess," then onanism, then frustration, then "frauds against procreation," but especially when it annexed the whole of the sexual perversions as its own province; criminal justice, too, which had long been concerned with sexuality, particularly in the form of "heinous" crimes and crimes against nature, but which, toward the middle of the nineteenth century, broadened its jurisdiction to include petty offenses, minor indecencies, insignificant perversions; and lastly, all those social controls, cropping up at the end of the last century, which screened the sexuality of couples, parents and children, dangerous and endangered adolescents-undertaking to protect, separate, and forewarn, signaling perils everywhere, awakening people's attention, calling for diagnoses, piling up reports, organizing therapies.

首当其冲的是医学，它藉由的是&神经紊乱症&；精神病学后发先至，它着手探求精神疾病的病因。起初它目不转睛于&性无度&，接着是手淫，而后是欲求不满，而后是&反生育欺诈&，更为特别是，它将性倒错的研究领域，整个地占为己有。刑事审判也参与其中，它对于&性&的关注由来已久，特别是那些&十恶不赦&，有违人伦的性犯罪。但是，十九世纪中期，它开始大显身手，轻微犯，未成年犯、无足轻重的性倒错都难逃法网。最后，所有这些在19世纪末突现的社会控制，承担着防护、隔离与预警的责任，于是，关于&性&的危言四起、触目惊心，诊断&性&已时不我待，&性&报告堆积如山，&性&治疗大张旗鼓，以此确保夫妻们、父母们与儿童们、以及处于或步入&危险的青春期&少年们的&性&万无一失。

It has not come into being until the late of 18th century that government intervened in education.

政府干预教育是近代社会，特别是 18 世纪末和整个 19 世纪的事情。

But there was method to their madness. Wilde's thing was as fin-de-siècle as the endgame that mesmerizes society right now.

而设计师的疯狂创意，也证实了王尔德的作品还是能像他红遍19世纪末一样，迷倒现今的社会。

By the end of this century, China will have become a more powerful country in the world.

到本世纪末，中国将成为世界上更强大的国家。

In art manifestation, we may conclude several kinds of styles interweaving mutually. Besides the reappearance of medieval esthetics, the extremely profound naturalism initiated by Pre-Raphaelites, the inspiration of classical sculpture and Italian Renaissance art, as well as the aestheticism occurred in fin-du-siècle, those make Victorian medieval love painting graceful, sensual, sentimental, and most, exclusively unique.

在表现形式上，可归纳出几种常见的风格互为交织，除了中世纪美学的再现之外，拉斐尔前派画家们所倡导的自然主义影响极为深远，加上古典雕刻及义大利文艺复兴的启发，以及世纪末唯美主义的感染，使得维多利亚时代的这些「中世纪之爱」作品，凭添许多抒情、优雅、感官的怀古情调，为十九世纪的英国绘画创造了一种专属的独特风貌。

The birth of cloning is widely thought to be one of the most widespread influences in the late 20th century.

克隆技术的诞生被广泛认为是20世纪末最具深远影响的事件之一。

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, a group of American journalists and writers launched the muckraking movement aiming at unveiling shady deals.

19世纪末20世纪初，一批作家和杂志记者通过&黑幕揭发&在美国发起一场旨在揭露社会腐败现象的新闻报道和文学创作运动。

T the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, a group of American journalists and writers launched the muckraking movement aiming at unveiling shady deals.

bstract 19世纪末20世纪初，一批作家和杂志记者通过&黑幕揭发&在美国发起一场旨在揭露社会腐败现象的新闻报道和文学创作运动。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。