世纪初

In 1990s, the trends of economic globalization brought about new markets, new competitors, new products and new technologies, which dramatically increase the speed business, doubles the instability of capital market as well. At the beginning of 21~ century, the corporation bankrupts and governance crisis happened one after another, which not only makes investors, employers and other stakeholders being disastrous, but also means the beginning of the era of risk management. It is necessary for enterprises to focus on how to avoid risk and setting risk management as their core strategy.

到了20世纪90年代，经济的全球化趋势产生了新的市场、新的竞争者、新的产品，新的技术，戏剧性地加快商业发展的速度，并且加大了资金市场的不稳定性，21世纪之初持续爆发的公司崩溃和治理危机，使投资者、公司员工和其他利益相关者因此而遭受了巨大的损失，彻底拉开了风险管理年代的序幕，规避风险及视风险管理为核心策略的企业需要已渐趋成熟。

From the writers who went southwards to Nanyang from the late-1920s to the early-1930s, I select three Chinese revolutionary writers as examples in the present paper. From their main experiences, important activities before going southwards and their social activities, cultural activities during exiling in Nanyang and their relative cultural activities after returning to homeland, It is not difficult to discover that using the writers who went Southwards as intermediaries, the Chinese proletarian literature movement during the 1920s-1930s promote the Nanyang " Lately Arising Literature Movement" to grow up.

本论文选取20世纪20年代末至30年代初南下南洋的三位中国革命作家洪灵菲、许杰、马宁，对他们在南下前的主要经历和重要活动，流亡南洋期间所从事的社会活动和文化活动，以及回国后所继续从事的与南洋有关的文学活动加以爬梳，从中不难发现，中国20世纪20-30年代的无产阶级革命文学运动，透过南下作家这一中介促使了南洋&新兴文学运动&的崛起，继而对当地的文学艺术、社会思想等各方面产生程度不同的影响。

Through the first half of this century, many herbs were considered conventional medicines and as such were included in medical curricula and formularies (eg, United States Pharmacopoeia and The National Formulary).

本世纪（20世纪）初半个世纪里，许多药草被视为传统医药，并纳入正规医药体系（如，美国药典和美国国家药方）。

Oxford University once famously claimed to have been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th Century, but in fact, the University as we know it today began to take shape in the 12th Century when English Scholars were exiled from Paris University and began to congregate at Oxfords Abbeys and Priories, which were buy then already established centers of learning.

牛津大学曾经一度盛传是由阿尔弗来德一世在9世纪建立的。但事实上，我们今天所知道的牛津大学初建于12世纪，当时一群英国学者从巴黎大学流放过来，云集于牛津的教堂和修道院中，在那时候教学中心就已经建立起来了。

Oxford University once famously claimed to have been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th Century, but in fact, the University as we know it today began to take shape in the 12th Century when English Scholars were exiled from Paris University and began to congregate at Oxford's Abbeys and Priories, which were buy then already established centers of learning.

牛津大学曾经一度盛传是由阿尔弗来德一世在9世纪建立的。但事实上，我们今天所知道的牛津大学初建于12世纪，当时一群英国学者从巴黎大学流放过来，云集于牛津的教堂和修道院中，在那时候教学中心就已经建立起来了。

Oxford University once famously claimed to have been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th Century, but in fact, the University as we know it today began to take shape in the 12th Century when English Scholars were exiled from Paris University and began to congregate at Oxford's Abbeys and Priories

牛津大学曾经一度盛传是由阿尔弗来德一世在9世纪建立的。但事实上，我们今天所知道的牛津大学初建于12世纪，当时一群英国学者从巴黎大学流放过来，云集于牛津的教堂和修道院中，在那时候教学中心就已经建立起来了。

OXFORD UNIVERSITY 牛津大学 Oxford University once famously claimed to have been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th Century, but in fact, the University as we know it today began to take shape in the 12th Century when English Scholars were exiled from Paris University and began to congregate at Oxford's Abbeys and Priories, which were buy then already established centers of learning.

牛津大学曾经一度盛传是由阿尔弗来德一世在9世纪建立的。但事实上，我们今天所知道的牛津大学初建于12世纪，当时一群英国学者从巴黎大学流放过来，云集于牛津的教堂和修道院中，在那时候教学中心就已经建立起来了。

Its formulation course started in the fifties of the 20th century,and as a concept the former Soviet Union scholar put forward while reviewing dogmatism and vulgarizing's harm to literature theory.

这一理论生成于20世纪50年代，是前苏联学者对教条主义和庸俗化倾向给文学理论产生的危害进行反思时提出的一个理论。20世纪80年代初、中期，我国学者在反思&文学为政治服务&这个口号的失误时也提出了文学是一种&审美意识形态&或&审美反映&的理论观点。

Its formulation course started in the fifties of the 20th century, and as a concept the former Soviet Union scholar put forward while reviewing dogmatism and vulgarizing's harm to literature theory. The beginning and middle period of the eighties of the 20th century Chinese scholar had proposed too while reviewing the fault of the slogan that "literature is for politics" that literature is a kind of "aesthetic ideology" or the conclusion that "reflects aesthetically".

这一理论生成于20世纪50年代，是前苏联学者对教条主义和庸俗化倾向给文学理论产生的危害进行反思时提出的一个理论。20世纪80年代初、中期，我国学者在反思&文学为政治服务&这个口号的失误时也提出了文学是一种&审美意识形态&或&审美反映&的理论观点。

Dr Chauvin worked out the theory in the early 1970s, while in the 1990s Dr Grubbs and Dr Schrock used that theory to design catalysts that make the process far more effective.

肖万博士在20世纪70年代初创立了该理论，20世纪90年代，罗伯特－格拉布和理查德－施罗克博士运用该理论研制出催化剂，使化学反应效率大为提高。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。