世纪初

This paper mainly reviews Apollinaire as a spiritual leader of the poets of the new generation in France in the 20th century and a peak in French new poetic form. It also affirms him as a historic character in international literary circles in the 20th century who intented the past and ushered in the future. Through the reform of artistic form and content initiated by him in his cubist and futurist art-creating program, it expounds Apollinaire's important position and active contribution to the 20th contury...

本文主要评介阿波里奈尔作为法国20世纪初新一代诗人的精神领袖、法国新诗体的一座高峰，在20世纪国际文坛上承前启后的历史性角色，并通过他在立体未来主义艺术创作纲领中所倡导的艺术形式和内容的革新，论述阿波里奈尔的艺术思想和美学思想在20世纪文学运动中的重要地位和积极贡献。

The techniques of the midface rejuvenation develop with the understanding of the aging appearance and the development of the facial anatomy. The earliest form of rhytidectomy only removed a piece of redundant skin, but failed to achieve significant long-term benefit. To achieve a more durable benefit, numerous adaptations of face-lift techniques are devised, including SMAS face-lift, malar fat elevation and extended supraplastysmal plane face lift. The subperiosteal approach was firstly performed in 1980s. Youthful curve was detailed by Little William in 2000. To obtain the architectural ogee, the approach of volumetric sculpture, also named three-dimensional rejuvenation, was described.

随着整形美容外科医生对面部衰老变化的认识和面部解剖学的发展，中面部年轻化手术也随之发生着演变：最初的面部除皱术只是单纯去除松弛的皮肤，但术后远期效果不理想；为获得更加持久的效果，到20世纪70年代开始了一系列面部提升术，包括：各种SMAS提升术、颧脂肪垫提升术，扩大的颈阔肌上面部提升术；到20世纪80年代后期，学者提出为获得和谐的面部容貌应进行骨膜下面部除皱术；而到21世纪初Little William提出了"青春曲线"的概念，并实施了容量雕刻技术，即三维中面部年轻化手术。

The streets of old market towns and country villages are often infinitely pleasing and harmonious, with the half-timbered houses of the 16th century in the south and midlands, and the dignified town terraces of the 18th and early 19lh centuries in many parts of the country.

旧集市和村庄的街道总是那么和谐那么赏心悦目：南部和中部是建于16世纪的半木结构的房屋，而建于18世纪和19世纪初庄严的排屋则散布在小镇的其他地方。

At the beginning of 18th century, the neoclassic principle becomes the fashion, 18th century are the prose century, Johnson's 散文集 Latin prose inelegance, the imposing manner and English prose are vigorous and simply in a body.

在18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚，18世纪是散文的世纪，约翰逊的散文集拉丁散文的典雅，气势与英语散文的雄健和朴素于一体。

Its prototype can be seen in educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's idea at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century. Later on, due to the combined effect of many factors, such as other educators'(e.g. Georg Kerschensteiner,etc) practice and development of the theory, the evolution of Vocational Education System in the 20th century, the pressure of economic development in German, the need of f ...更多 lexible management in modern enterprises, the difficult situation of "Dual System", and the training and internship positions shortage because of the global economy and population change,"Work Process Oriented Theory" came into being in German.

在18世纪末19世纪初教育家裴斯泰洛奇的思想中即可见其端倪，后经过凯兴斯泰纳等教育家的实践与发展，并经20世纪职业学校课程体系的反复实践，到了20世纪90年代，由于德国经济发展的压力、现代企业从刚性管理到柔性管理的体制演变、"双元制"职业教育的困境以及经济全球化和人口变化带来的培训实习岗位短缺等诸多现实因素的共同作用，在德国诞生了工作过程导向思想。

The early 1800's were a period of reactionism, and although some liberal reforms were effected in the late 1800's, discontent remained and led directly to the Revolutions of 1905 and 1917, an internal power struggle, and the formation of the

这个地区长期是多个独立公国组成的共和体，直到莫斯科大公在14、15和16世纪获支配地位。17和18世纪彼得大帝和凯瑟琳大帝在位时，帝国势力和疆土达到最大限度。19世纪初是一段反动主义时期，尽管19世纪末进行了一些有效的自由改革，人民仍有不满，并导致了1905年和1917年的俄国大革命，一次内部势力之争和1922年苏联改革。

But after the suffragette movement brought women greater freedom at the beginning of the 20th century, it became a clich in financial circles to note that hemlines moved in the same direction as stock prices: upwards, for example, in the 1920s, 1960s and mid-1980s and downwards in the 1930s, 1940s and mid-1970s.

但是，当20世纪初妇女参政运动为女性带来更多的自由之后，金融圈里便开始流行这样的老生常谈：女人裙边的高低和股价走向一致。例如上世纪20年代、60年代和80年代中期往上调；上世纪30年代、40年代和70年代中期往下行。

The four development stages of the implication of karst can be divided into:(1) before the 18th century karst is a geograhpical name representing the presenting stony, waterless and forestless landscapes like a desert,...

喀斯特含义的发展可分为四个阶段，即 18世纪以前作为地方名称和地理术语、19至 2 0世纪初的代表一类地貌形态与发育过程、2 0世纪上半叶至 70年代的人地关系的认识和 2 0世纪 6 0年代以来将岩溶列为脆弱环境。

Form mid 18th century to early 19th century, the center of Haskalah was in Germany, and then turn to Eastern Europe, particularly to Russia in mid 19th century.

从18世纪中期到19世纪初，这场运动的中心在德国。19世纪中期后，运动的中心从德国转向东欧，尤其是俄罗斯。

One could point to examples in the works of Hieronymus Bosch (late fifteenth/early sixteenth century), Hogarth and Goya, Henry Fuseli and William Blake, and Francis Bacon, which have a prophetic undertone in their visions of conflict, torment, and the sinful nature of human extravagance and excess.

可以参照的例子比如希罗尼穆斯·博斯（15世纪末16世纪初）、贺加斯、戈雅（皆18世纪）、亨利·傅斯理、威廉·布莱克（19世纪）及弗朗西斯·培根（20世纪）──他们的作品呈现出的人性极端与放纵的矛盾、苦难与罪恶，具有一种预言般的隐性基调。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。