世纪之交的

The new tendency of language of popular culture is:the strong color of packing,strong sense of openness and remarkable agitating effect.

世纪之交大众文化的语言呈现出新的趋势：具有浓重的包装色彩，强烈的开放意识，显著的煽情效果

This paper narrates the background of basic facts and influences of bawdry in Tianjin during the period of 1950s replacing 1940s, which sets off CPC' s conviction of clearing away bawdry, the social cancer in the course of taking over city just after establishing PRC.

本文通过对二十世纪四五十年代之交天津市娼业概况及其影响的背景叙述，衬托出建国初期中国共产党人在接管大城市过程中清除娼业这一社会毒瘤的信念。

After AlexanderⅡwas assassinated, the liberalism movement transitorily passed through dormant, then got gradually much more radical, and set up own political parties in the turn of the century, and the constitutionalism went into active highly, and the Russia liberalism had also realized the transformation from "old" to "new".

亚历山大二世被刺杀后，在沙皇政府的高压之下，自由主义运动经过短暂的蛰伏便渐趋激进，并于世纪之交组建起了自己的政党组织，知识分子取代贵族成为自由主义运动的主体，立宪主义空前活跃，俄国自由主义也由此实现了从"旧"向"新"的转变。

Section One narrates Eastern India Company's trade attempt on Tibet and its plot of invasion Tibet at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, including George Bogle's mission to Tibet: collecting intelligence espionages and "the first contact with Panchen lama"; Samuel Tunner's mission and the pause of British direct contact with Tibet; Other British explorers' movement of collecting intelligence and its affection on the Raj's decision-making; Curzon and Francis Younghusband's times: Britain Empire invaded Chinese Tibet in force.

第一部分：叙述了19、20世纪之交英国&东印度公司&在中国西藏的贸易企图及侵藏阴谋。主要内容包括：博格尔使藏：收集情报活动及与班禅喇嘛的&第一次接触&；忒涅的出使与英国对藏直接联系的中止；其他英国探险者的情报收集活动对英印政府决策的影响；寇松和荣赫鹏的&时代&：英国武装侵略中国西藏时期。

As an initiator of the new Christianity movement in the turn of 19-20th century, in contrast with others, D.Merezhkovsky tries to find instruction of the God in human culture and history as to the mental worlds of great figures like Dante and Napoleon. Through the two critical biographies created in the later years of his life, D.Merezhkovsky re-expounded human culture and sermonized his own religious beliefs.

梅列日科夫斯基是俄罗斯上个世纪之交新基督教运动的发起人之一，与其他思想家一个显著的不同在于，他不是努力建立一套形而上学的神学思想体系，而是走了另一条道路--到人类文化发展的历史遗迹甚至重要历史人物的精神世界中去寻找神的启示，他通过文学创作来再阐释人类文化，为自己的宗教思想布道。

Leo XIII (1878-1903), the first pope in centuries to have chiefly spiritual obligations following the loss of the papal states, approved neo-Thomism as an official challenge to modern philosophy and defined a Catholic position on social justice over against radical labor unions.

利奥十三（ 1878年至1903年），第一教皇在世纪之交有精神的义务，主要是以下的损失，教皇国，批准新thomism作为正式的挑战，现代哲学和确定了天主教的立场，对社会正义战胜反对激进的工会。

From the angle of "British Gothic novel tradition", based on the examples of classicGothic novels such as The Mysteries of Udolpho, The Italian, The Monk, this articleaims to summarize the essential elements of Gothic novels in the aspects of scene,plot, theme and character, so to establish a new view and interpretation of the"children's novel"Harry Potter. It also analyses the novel's role in inheriting andinnovating Gothic novels'traditions and values, and the cultural significance of itsoverwhelming popularity at the beginning of the new millennium.

本文选取&英国哥特体小说传统&这一角度，以被誉为哥特小说经典之作的《奥多芙的神秘》、《意大利人》、《僧侣》为例，总结了英国传统哥特小说在场景、情节、主题和人物等方面的要素，并由此重新解读惯常被称为&儿童小说&的《哈利·波特》，分析它对哥特小说传统的继承和在新时代背景下的创新，以及其在世纪之交风靡全球的文化意义。

From the perspectives of existential philosophy, humanistic psychology, psycho-analysis and feminist criticism, this dissertation seeks a systematic exploration and explanation for the"feminine self"in the autobiographic works produced by Chinese-European/American authoresses, putting forward such concepts as"feminine autobiography "and"existential value of famine individuals".

以&大中华文化&与&世界文学&格局为视野，以&个体生存&的女性&自我&为切入点，以存在主义哲学、人本主义心理学、精神分析学、女性主义批评等理论为研究方法，本论文对欧美华人女作家纪实性作品中的女性自我书写现象进行系统考察与梳理，提出&女性自我书写&与&女性个体生存观&等概念，试图建立起世纪之交欧美华人女作家纪实性自我书写创作批评的整体框架，并对相关现象进行适当的命名与阐释。

Therefore,the paper borrows and introduces the concept of"mechanism"widely used asimportant dimension in the field of natural science and social science.On basis of theconcept,the topic of my PH.D dissertation was confirmed Under the topic,I argue that it ispossible to rethink about the theoretic high ground of socialism at the turn of new centuryand deepen socialism study if we take"social benign development"and"social operatingmechanism"as start of angle of looking at the past,the present and future,and regard themas the thinking framework of socialism issue and but emphasis of socialism issue on societyoperating mechanism.

为此，本文借鉴并引入了在自然科学和社会科学研究中作为重要范畴并被广泛使用的&机制&概念，确立了关于&社会主义社会良性发展运行机制&的研究主题，认为以&社会良性发展&和&社会运行机制&作为审视社会主义历史、现实与未来的新的出发点与切入口，并以这一新概念、新范畴、新视角为支点建构观察、认识、研究社会主义问题的思维范式和思路框架，将社会主义问题研究的着力点放在社会主义社会运行机制问题的探讨上，可能是世纪之交反思社会主义的理论制高点和深化社会主义研究的一个重要路径。

At the turn of the century, as the fast development of economic globalization, Africa is confronting with tremendous challenges in political, economical and social fields. Africa needs a continental organization with higher authority than the Organization of African Unity.

世纪之交，随着经济全球化的深入发展，非洲在政治、经济和社会等各个领域都面临巨大挑战，非洲需要一个比非洲统一组织具有更高权威的全洲性组织。2002年7月9日，非洲联盟应运而生，它的诞生使非洲数代领导人的非洲统一理想变为现实。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。