世纪中后期

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从"五四"到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族"血性"的传承方面。

The novel takes advantage of history that almost any reader of Stevenson's time would have been very familiar with: the Jacobite conflicts of the late 1600s and early 1700s.

小说充分利用历史，几乎所有的读者史蒂文森的时间将是非常熟悉的：詹姆斯党的冲突中后期和17世纪初1700年。

The roots of neoconservatism lie in a remarkable group of largely Jewish intellectuals who attended City College of New York

新保守派的根基是一群知名知识分子，他们在上世纪30年代中后期及40年代早期就读于纽约城市学院（City College of New York ，

The "Asian mode of production" in Marx and Engels' works is a historical concept, the implications of which are not exactly the same in different phases of the development of their social formation theories, namely, the period prior to 1853, the one in the middle and late 1950's, the one marked by the book On the Capital and the one after the publication of Morgen's Ancient Society.

马克思、恩格斯著作中的"亚细亚生产方式"概念是一个历史性概念，在他们的社会形态理论形成的四个不同的时期，即 1 85 3年以前的时期、1 9世纪 5 0年代中后期、以《资本论》为代表的时期、摩尔根《古代社会》一书发表以后的时期，涵义并不完全相同。

New Economy is one kind of the Knowledge Economy, characterized as networking, globalizing, high-risking and motile. Persons do not care about it when it first presented at the middle and later period of the 1950s.

新经济是网络化、全球化、高风险、能动的知识经济，最早出现于20世纪50年代中后期，但在它诞生的初期并没有引起人们的足够重视。

It is not the production of the plan of regional balance development carried out by the American federal government or the self\|discipline of market, but the result of the mutual operation of various factors since Great Depression.

但新政以后，特别是第二次世界大战以来，南部的经济结构和政治体制发生了深刻变化，经济发展速度明显加快，到 2 0世纪 70年代中后期，作为美国阳光地带的核心部分而为世人瞩目。

In this very dissertation, the author mainly analyzes the basic causes of American southern development from benighted belt to Sunbelt since World War Ⅱ, and the influences of such great changes in the term of institutional transformations.

长期以来，美国南部一直是美国的落后地区。但新政以后，特别是从第二次世界大战以来，南部社会经济发展速度明显加快，到20世纪70年代中后期，作为美国阳光地带的核心地域而为世人瞩目。

At that time, mainly in the circular applanation 凸印 facilities. The mid and late 1990s, Taiwan and Hong Kong's business card printing and membership card-making enterprises in the Pearl River Delta and Shanghai, Jiangsu, factories in the vicinity of the establishment of a group of professional label business card printing and membership card-making enterprise, not only brings advanced technology and equipment and a large number of skilled personnel to lead the label business card printing and membership card of the technology industry.

当时主要以圆压平凸印设备为主。20世纪90年代中后期，我国台湾和香港地区的制卡和会员卡制作企业陆续在珠三角和上海、江苏一带投资设厂，建立了一批专业化的标签制卡和会员卡制作企业，不仅带来了先进的技术和设备，也培养了一大批技术人才，引领了标签制卡和会员卡制作领域的技术潮流。

By the extent of space scarcity deepened when the extent of industrial agglomeration increased,the game behaviors between local organizaions and enterprises three periods:unordered spatial development from late seventy decade to early ninty decade,insufficent space supply in intermedial and late ninty decade,then badly insufficent space in new century.

随着产业集聚程度的不断提升引起空间稀缺程度加深，地方组织在与企业的空间博弈行为，经历了70年代末到90年代初空间无序开发，到90年代中后期的空间供给不足，然后到新世纪空间极度紧缺的三个时期。

Opposition to teaching solely in terms of prescriptive and proscriptive (i.e., what must not be done) rules grew during the middle decades of the 20th century.

在20世纪的中后期，对于这种仅仅关注规范性和禁止性规则的语法教育，出现了越来越多的反对声音。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。