专家系统

Technology. The Expert system bases on the scientific achievements and experience of Pigeon experts and culturist. Meanwhile,comprehensive inquisition about Pigeon management and trend of market is done. Production data is collected all-around. System integration is by the technologies of artificial intelligence and expert system, exploring all-kinds of models of Pigeon Cultivation,and contructing integrative expert system about Pigeon Cultivation.

摘 要：养鸽专家系统应用了系统工程的原理和知识工程的方法手段，在养鸽专家和养殖大户多年来养鸽科研工作和养殖经验的基础上，结合当前国内养鸽生产和市场需求动态调查，进行了大量且多方面的资料收集，采用先进的计算机人工智能技术和专家系统建造技术进行了系统集成，开发出各种养殖管理功能模块，建立起一个综合性的养鸽专家系统。

Today, a lot of application systems combine with GIS, such as diagnosis Expert System including the diagnosis the varies aspects of society, economy, and agriculture; forecast Expert System including the forecast of weather, hydrometeorology, population, geography, economy, military affairs, politics, etc; Decision Supporting System including the aspect of engineering design, programming, consultation, management etc.

现在许多应用系统所涉及到的问题都与地理信息有关，例如：诊断专家系统中的社会、农业、经济等方面的各种诊断和排错系统；预测专家系统中的气象、水文、人口、地理、经济、军事以及政治等方面的预测分析系统；工程设计、规划、咨询和管理决策等方面的专家系统，都离不开地理信息的支持。

Visual Rice Growth Models system represented an effort to design crop modeling software with object-oriented paradigm and to organize classes in system with model-document-view architecture. Firstly, the crop-environment system was abstracted as many subsystems and physiological processes with object-oriented paradigm while many classes were established to simulate the behaviors of these subsystems and physiological processes. In VRGM, the document-view architecture in Visual C++ was extended as model-document-view architecture for agricultural integrated system. In the model-document-view architecture, document gets the final simulation results by manipulating the models classes and acts as a communicating intermediacy between model and view. Views display the simulation results and translate users' operation and data entering to document. The architecture separates the domain models, data management and user interface.

中文题名可视水稻生长模型与智能栽培专家系统的研制副题名外文题名 Studies on visual rice growth models and cultivation expert system of computational intelligence 论文作者米湘成导师邹应斌研究员学科专业作物栽培学与耕作学研究领域\研究方向作物模拟与专家系统学位级别博士学位授予单位湖南农业大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数64页关键词作物生长模拟生长模型水稻馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S126 /2 本研究系国家"九五"攻关项目"水稻大面积高产综合配套技术研究与示范"课题的子专题，并结合水稻高产栽培技术资料和水稻专家的知识、经验以及科研成果，研制成了可视水稻生长模型(Visual Rice Growth Models，VRGM)及水稻高产栽培专家系统，并在此基础上进一步利用人工神经网络模型、模糊逻辑技术和田间栽培试验，对生长模型和专家系统进行了改进。

On the basis of analyzing all kinds of KEM, the Object-Oriented theoryis chosen as the design project to construct knowledge base of expert system.

对专家系统和面向对象的程序设计方法进行了概述，引出了面向对象的汽车制动专家系统，介绍了汽车领域专家系统的国内外应用现状，及开发汽车制动专家系统的意义和知识库的内容。2。

Based on the noetic science, a hypothesis about the patterns of information stored in human brain is described in detail, and it is suggested that ES and ANN are corresponding to the different ways of processing for such information--logical thought and image thought, thus providing a scientific basis for building a hybrid intelligent system.

在系统分析了专家系统和神经网络方法的优势和弱点的基础上，本文指出了将两者进行综合——建立神经网络专家系统的必要性，并针对当前神经网络专家系统研究中存在的问题，提出神经网络专家系统的建立和设计只有在思维科学的指导下进行，才能避免或少走弯路。

At present, the application styles of domestic expert systems on pomology are the pomiculture production management expert systems and the fruit tree nutrition diagnosis expert systems, the plant diseases and insect pests diagnosis expert systems. There are some computer technologies on the pomological expert systems such as artificial neural network, fuzzy neural network, multimedia technology, Web technology.

现今，国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类；在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等；果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发，还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。

At present, the application styles of domestic expert systems on pomology are the pomiculture production management expert systems and the fruit tree nutrition diagnosis expert systems, the plant diseases and insect pests' diagnosis expert systems. There are some computer technologies on the pomological expert systems such as artificial neural network, fuzzy neural network, multimedia technology, Web technology. The most pomological expert systems were developped on the agricutural expert systems platform, while a few systems were directly developed by the programming languages without platform.

现今，中国国内果树专家系统的应用类型主要分为果树栽培生产专家系统和果树营养、病虫害诊断防治决策系统两类；在果树专家系统上的应用研究最多的计算机理论主要是：人工神经网络、模糊神经网络、多媒体技术、Web技术等；果树专家系统的开发手段主要是利用现成的农业专家系统平台直接进行二次开发，还有少数是直接利用程序语言进行原型系统开发。

It points out the current situation and existing problems of this method. This paper actualizes the integration of Expert System and Neural Network. It excellently utilizes the advantages of Expert System and BP Neural Network, and overcomes some of their disadvantages.Neural network expert system is designed based on neural network high identification ability and theory research.

本文介绍了专家系统应用于故障诊断的原理，详细阐述了专家系统的结构、各部分功能、工作流程等，并指出了该方法在故障诊断中的应用现状和存在的问题；实现了神经网络和专家系统的结合，很好地利用专家系统和BP神经网络的优点并且克服了它们的一些缺点。

To avoid the collision accidents of ships at sea, with the universalizing and application of computer, and the development and maturity of the technology of Expert System and Artificial Intelligent, this paper developed an intelligent collision avoidance expert system for navigation. The main research work centers on several aspects, which will be represented as below:By the navigation rules" understanding and analyzing, and by the navigation experience and navigation samples" collecting and trimming, we put forth and build a multi-unit and layering KB systematic structure, and implement the KBM. According to features of different knowledge, we adopt multifarious KR, such as: frame KR, production rule KR, procedure KR. We also build a multi-inference system, which based on analog inference, forward illation inference, conversion inference and meta-rule inference. At the same time, we develop each reasoning algorithm. For some problems in collision avoidance region during the building of the expert system, we put forth and build a set of models to solve them using neural network technology.

为了避免船舶间碰撞事故的发生，结合计算机技术在各类船舶中的普及与应用、专家系统技术及人工智能技术的发展、成熟，本文研制、开发了一种具有一定智能的航海避碰专家系统，主要内容包括以下几个方面：通过对航海规则的理解与分析，对航海经验、航海实例的搜集、整理，提出并建立起了航海避碰专家系统的多元分层知识库体系结构，并实现了知识库的管理；根据不同知识的特点，分别采用了框架、产生式规则、过程等多种知识表示方法；提出了一种基于类比推理、正向演绎推理、换位推理及元级推理等的多种推理机制，并建立起了相应的推理算法；引入神经网络技术，针对在建立专家系统过程中所遇到的有关避碰领域内的一些难题，提出并建立了相应解决问题的模型，其中包括：船舶类型的识别，会遇态势的分类及避碰危险的评估。

In this paper,applying theory and practical technology of the expert system in tire tread pattern design are made researches and explorations.

本文对专家系统技术在轮胎花纹设计中的应用理论和实用技术进行了探讨和研究，建立了面向对象的轮胎花纹参数化图元库和花纹设计、选型、载剪、组合专家系统的规则库，并利用面向对象的专家系统骨架研制了轮胎花纹设计专家系统。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。