专制的

Through the analysis of specific historical facts, we can obviously find that the incident in 1327 is just a traditional coup d'etat rather than "constitutional revolution" in the modern sense. The impeachment case in 1376 was sprung from conflicts among the noble groups. The impeachment procedure was not standardized, and the outcome lack of effective protection and the constitutional impact was very limited. The incident in 1399 was just Henry Bolingbroke usurp the throne by force, taking advantage of Richard II deserted circumstance, which had nothing to do with the pursuit democratic constitution or against the autocratic rule. It is still a dynasty change in the traditional sense, rather than the so-called "Lancaster Constitutional Revolution".

当然，通过具体史实的分析，我们不难发现，1327年事件只是一场传统意义上的宫廷政变，而不是近代意义上的"宪政革命"。1376年的弹劾案源于贵族之间的派别矛盾，弹劾程序并不规范，弹劾成果缺乏保障，弹劾的宪政影响也相当有限。1399年事件则是亨利·博林布罗克利用理查德二世众叛亲离之机，实行武力篡位的结果，与反对专制统治追求民主宪政无关；这仍然属于传统意义上的改朝换代，并非所谓的"兰开斯特宪政革命"。

A good, generous prayer it was, and went into details: it pleaded for the church, and the little children of the church; for the other churches of the village; for the village itself; for the county; for the State; for the State officers; for the United States; for the churches of the United States; for Congress; for the President; for the officers of the Government; for poor sailors, tossed by stormy seas; for the oppressed millions groaning under the heel of European monarchies and Oriental despotisms; for such as have the light and the good tidings, and yet have not eyes to see nor ears to hear withal; for the heathen in the far islands of the sea; and closed with a supplication that the words he was about to speak might find grace and favor, and be as seed sown in fertile ground, yielding in time a grateful harvest of good.

这是一篇很好的、内容丰富的祷告词，面面俱到：它为教堂和里面的孩子们祈祷；为全县向主求福；为漂泊在狂风暴雨的海洋上可怜的水手们求福；为被迫在欧洲君主制度和东方专制制度铁蹄下呻吟着的数万劳苦大众求福；为那些有了教主的光和福音而熟视无睹、充耳不闻的人求福；为远处海岛上的那些异帮教徒求福；最后牧师祈求天主恩准他所说的话，希望他的话像播种在肥沃土地里的种子一样，将会开花结果，造福无穷。

The most pressing longer-term question facing China is whether its authoritarian regime can manage the challenges created by the rapid growth on which its tenuous legitimacy depends; or whether dealing with growing inequality, corruption, popular unrest and, possibly, stronger demands for political enfranchisement will stretch the system to breaking point.

在中国，共**政权脆弱的合法性建立在经济的迅速增长之上，而它面临的最为紧迫的长期性问题就是，其专制政体能否应付这种增长所带来的挑战；或者说，中国政府对日益严重的贫富差距、贪污腐败、社会动荡乃至人们愈加强烈的政治解放需求的处理，是否会将中国的政治体系推向崩溃的边缘。

As his life ebbed away, the enigmatic ex-soldier who had ruled with a rod of iron for 32 years until 1998 was visited by two fellow retired autocrats—Malaysia's Mahathir Mohamed and Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew—who, naturally, emphasised his achievements as a statesman and staunch anti-communist.

随着身体状况逐渐恶化，这位退伍的老将军心安理得的强调他作为一名政治家和一位坚定的反共分子的功绩。他高深莫测，象谜一样。Suharto对这个国家的专制统治长达32年之久。直到1998年另外两个退出政坛的独裁家，马来西亚的Mahathir和新加坡的Lee Kuan Yew的来访才告终结。

Most critics mainly draw their attention to the analysis of the motif of the work, technique of writing and male characters of this novel. As for the female characters, they just mention them briefly. To the central character Caddy, they either give her a few words or simply take her for a frivolously dissolute woman. Few people try to scrutinize her tragic life and find the real cause of her tragedy. Few can feel her suffering in the course of the struggle against the patriarchal system and reconstruction of female's selfhood.

这部小说一直是评论家关注的焦点，然而他们的注意力大多集中于分析作品的主题、表现手法、男性角色等，而对于小说中的女性角色则较少关注，特别是小说的灵魂人物凯蒂，他们要么是一笔带过，要么是简单地把她归类为一个轻佻放荡的堕落女性，而很少能真正切入她悲剧的人生轨迹，去剖析并体验这位开始觉醒的女性在反抗男权专制、重构女性自我的艰难历程中所受到的磨难与所进行的挣扎。

At the end of 19 century, Old China under the system of emperor autarchy, resulted in a weak and poor country and the national confidence had once been lost, because of a long time cultural autarchy of Manchu Nobiliary and invasion of colonial force. Then Chinese scholars turned to learn western culture and technology, and the linguistic theories delegated by The General Linguistics of Sausure were transplanted in China, which became the basic principles guiding Chinese teaching after the establishment of academic and educational system for about a hundred years.

19世纪末，君主专制体制下的旧中国因为长期的君主专制和满族贵族的文化专制，加上当时列强殖民势力的入侵，导致国家积贫积弱，民族自信心一度丧失，中国学者转而学习西方文化技术，其中以索绪尔《普通语言学》为代表的语言学理论被中国学者移植到中国，经过百年的学术和教育体制的固定，成为指导中文教学的基本原则。

Truth speaks not to these perverse beings :— her voice can only be heard by generous minds accustomed to reflection, whose sensibilities make them lament the numberless calamities showered on the earth by political and religious tyranny — whose enlightened minds contemplate with honour the immensity, the ponderosity of that series of misfortunes with which errour has in all ages overwhelmed mankind...

真理并不会在那些刚愎自用的人身上显现：自然的声音只能被宽阔慷慨的心灵所听见并产生反应，他们的感性，使之悲悼地球上由政治与宗教专制而起的无尽的灾难之中ーー启蒙的心智在无限的荣耀下冥想苦思，那一连串的的灾难其沈重，那世世代代的错误，掩没了全人类。。。

The memory is sometimes so retentive, so serviceable,so obedient; at others, so bewildered and so weak; and at others again, so tyrannic, so beyond control!

记忆有时是这麼的保留，如此的有用，如此的驯服；其它的时候，是如此的令人不知所措又如此的脆弱；又在其它的时候，如此的专制，如此的难控制！

Is it not tyrannical,in Pascals sense,to insist that those who excel in "sensitivity" or "the ability to express compassion" merit equal wealth with those who excel in qualities （such as "the capacity for hard work"）essential in producing wealth?

如果坚持认为，那些擅长于&敏感&和&善于表达怜悯之心&的人，应获取与那些擅长于在物质财富创造过程中所不可或缺的品质（诸如&勤奋工作的能力&）的人同等的物质财富，这按帕斯卡尔的意思，难道就不也是专制暴政吗？

In 1813 he printed and published privately an extraordinary poem, Queen Mab, which expressed his protest against religion, his hatred of all forms of tyranny, and his belief in a new golden age.

在1813年，他个人印刷出版了一篇很奇特的长诗《麦布女王》 Queen Mab ，这首诗表白了他对宗教的抗议、对各种形式的专制制度的憎恨以及对未来必将出现一个新的黄金时代的信念。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。