专利的

Second, it focuses on the value attitudes and trend towards gene patenting including the analysis of patentability and patenting.

接着本文探讨基因专利保护的法律取向，包括可专利性和专利性的分析。

In 1998,our company bought the patent technology--"fast change technique of metering waterspout uninterruptedness of continuous casting medium package" Patent No.

我公司1998年买断了莱钢炼钢厂发明的、将给连铸生产带来巨大变化和可观经济效益的专利技术"连铸中间包定径水口不断流快速更换技术"（专利号：ZL95 2 33533.6），在此基础上不断发展完善，并获得了多项专利技术。

In 1998,our company bought the patent technology--"fast change technique of metering waterspout uninterruptedness of continuous casting medium package"(Patent No.:ZL95 2 33533.6)--that invented by Steel Mill of Laiwu Steelworks and will bring a tremendous change for the continuous casting production and a considerable economic benefit.

我公司1998年买断了莱钢炼钢厂发明的、将给连铸生产带来巨大变化和可观经济效益的专利技术"连铸中间包定径水口不断流快速更换技术"（专利号：ZL95 2 33533.6），在此基础上不断发展完善，并获得了多项专利技术。

The main works of this paper include four points as follows:(1) Patent retrieval domain ontology is designed through analyzing the common concepts in searching patent information. And the international patent classification table is expressed using ontology;(2) Design users'interests model from the information actively provided by users and passively provided by system based on users'requirements and historical searching record;(3) Design and implement three patent retrieval modes: quick search, table search, and advance search to meet various users'demands. And combine ontology, user's interest model and the inputed retrieval condition when users search for patent informations. This realizes individualized retrieval which meets the demands of users;(4) When users's search term is inaccurate, the precision will drop markedly and users will receive many disrelated informations.

本文的主要工作包括以下四点：(1)通过分析专利检索的常用概念，设计了专利检索领域本体和国际专利分类表(International Patent Classification，IPC)的本体表示；(2)根据用户的需求以及历史检索记录，从用户主动提供和系统被动学习两方面着手，设计了用户兴趣模型的本体表示；(3)为满足不同层次、不同需求的用户，设计并实现了三种专利检索方式：快速检索、表格检索、高级检索，并将本体、用户兴趣模型、用户输入的检索条件三者相结合，实现满足用户需求的个性化检索；(4)通过设计将检索结果按IPC号分类，由用户自主选择需要浏览的类别来为用户提供个性化服务。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

The forementioned invention technology was announced by China State Bureau of Knowledge Property Rights in August of Year 2000 and has applied for the invention patents to enter 32 countries and regions including Hong Kong and others under the approval of International PCT Patents Organization.

本项发明技术，中国知识产权局已于2000年8月公告；经国际PCT专利组织已办理进入中国香港等32个国家地区的发明专利申请，其他国家的专利申请正在陆续办理中。

Changes to Practice for Continued Examination Filings, Patent Applications Containing Patentably Indistinct Claims, and Examination of Claims in Patent Applications , 72 FR 46716 (August 21, 2007).

目的：提升专利品质，加速专利审查流程。2006 年 1 月，USPTO 提议修法，改变以下专利申请／审查的实务：-延续案的申请

Article 24 For one of the following offenses, the governing authorities or patent administrations of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government may serve a warning to the offending patent agency; in cases of serious offense, CAP may punish it by ordering its close:(1) concealing facts in application;(2) changing major registration items by itself;(3) accepting and handling patent commission services unauthorizedly or beyond the approved business scope; and (4) other illegal activities.

第四章 罚则 Chapter 4 Punishment 第二十四条专利代理机构有下列情形之一的，其上级主管部门或者省，自治区，直辖市专利管理机关，可以给予警告处罚；情节严重的，由中国专利局给予撤销机构处罚：申请审批时隐瞒真实情况，弄虚作假的；擅自改变主要登记事项的；未经审查批准，或者超越批准专利代理业务范围，擅自接受委托，承办专利代理业务的；从事其他非法业务活动的。

Asset valuation of our country began later than western countries, although develops quickly, but compare with the developed countries it still exist many differences in above-mentioned aspects:Purpose of evaluation are limited, the main purpose of patent valuation in our country are for the patent property's cost amortisation, trade and investment, besides, neglecting the purpose of patent evaluation a service management and litigation;The application of evaluation theories are subjected to a limit, the method we commonly use is income method, the world well-known evaluation organizations pay more attention to a lately theoretical application;Evaluation standards are established lagard, on the countrary, the International Valuation Standards, The Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice and the European Valuation Standards were all established very early,and have already become a careful and reasonable structure system after emendations, but the valuation standards of China does't shows the relation between accounting standards now, demand of valuators' responsibility are too brief, having no restriction to definitude the type of value, and the regulation of valuation methods of Intangible Assets is not comprehensive;The lawmaking isn't complete, our country has no complete lawmaking to carry on rules and regulations to the non-cash's property, patent infringement control are inadequate, and excessively restrict patent property contributed form.

我国资产评估行业起步较晚，虽然发展迅速，但经比较研究发现，在上述方面与发达国家仍存在很大差异：评估目的相对狭窄，我国主要以专利资产成本摊销、交易和投资为目的进行评估，忽视了专利服务管理和诉讼为目的的评估；评估理论应用受限，我国主要应用收益法，世界知名评估机构更注重新理论的应用；评估准则制定落后，无论是国际评估准则、美国评估准则还是欧洲评估准则，都制定较早，并多次修订已形成严密的结构体系，而我国在评估准则中未体现与会计准则的关系，对评估师执业责任的要求过于简练，没有对价值类型加以明确，对无形资产评估方法的规范也不详细；立法不完善，我国没有相对完善的立法对非现金出资进行规制，对专利侵权控制力不够、专利出资形式限制过多。

Patent pool refers to two or more patentees put the patents owned by their respective which belong production of a product or production process required to complete together, and through the establishment of an independent entity or through the entity by patentees authorized to conduct a management agreement.

中文摘要：所谓专利池，是指两个或两个以上的专利权人将其各自拥有的对生产某一产品或完成某一生产流程所需的专利集合到一起，并通过建立一个独立的实体或经由权利人授权的主体，对该专利集合的专利许可行为进行管理的一种协议。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。