专利

For so many years, ASP concentrates on its reliably rigid friction lock system which reinterprets traditional batons'; concept and glory, while as its powerful competitor, Monadnock proudly promotes its patented Autolock mechanism. This evolutionary change on the traditional baton successfully draws people';s eyeballs and nibbles ASP';s market share.

在过去的岁月里，ASP全神贯注于坚固的阻力锁定甩棍，重新诠释了传统棍子的概念和荣耀；而Monadnock则自豪地推广拥有专利技术的Autolock甩棍，这种具有革命性变革的甩棍成功地吸引了人们的眼球并且蚕食了ASP的市场份额。

They monopolise the scholarships.

奖学金是他们的专利。

On the one hand, this makes sense because the value of a compulsory license would evaporate if a monopolist could come out the very next day with a new blocking patent.

一方面，这是有道理的，因为价值的强制许可将蒸发如果垄断可以出来的第二天，以阻止新的专利。

The first one is capital barrier, which means a large amount of initial capital for the perfect monopolizer. This prevents the common enterprise from entrance. The second is the technical barrier, i.e. the monopolizer is in control of certain technology and knack while other enterprises not, and then the market naturally become a monopoly market. Scale economy is the most studied technical barrier. The third one is law barrier, i.e. some exclusive patent rights are protected by the law. For example, patent and copyright are the monopolizations protected by the law. The fourth one is tactic barrier, even without any of the above mentioned barriers; it can also set up barriers through other ways, such as huge amount of advertisement investment.

首先是资本壁垒，即完全垄断企业的起始资本量很大，因此一般的企业难以进入；其次是技术性壁垒，即垄断者掌握了某种生产技术和诀窍，其他企业则没有，这个市场也就自然成了垄断市场，规模经济是一种被研究得最多的技术性壁垒；第三是法律壁垒，有些独家经营的特权是由法律所规定并受到法律保护的，专利和版权就是法律特许的垄断；第四是策略性壁垒，企业即使没有上述三种壁垒，也可以通过其他方式高筑壁垒，例如巨额广告投入。

A good education should not be the monopoly of the rich.

良好的教育不应该成为富人们的专利。

May also be one or a few regions, such as monopoly in market development in Europe.

也可能是一个或几个地区，比如欧洲的市场开发专利垄断。

Results of experiment and development activities are embodied in patents, exclusive technology, and monotype of new products or equipment.

其成果形式主要是专利、专有技术、具有新产品基本特征的产品原型或具有新装置基本特征的原始样机等。

Monotype: Proprietary name for Monotype's hot-metal type-casting machine which assembles characters individually rather than line-by-line.

蒙纳排铸机：蒙纳公司专利的热式铸字排字机，它逐个字符铸造，然后组合成行，而不是逐行字的铸造。

In the third part, this article introduces the case of MOORE in American at first.

在第二部分中，本文详细分析了几个与基因专利相关的问题。

Olivier special dye series is from the special of 1:1 and 1:2 metal complex structure, combined with a patented dye study of the mother superior products, its unique high gloss and transparency, are generally unable to achieve by organic pigments ; but also because of its chemical synthesis of different structures to make it in the application of the weatherability and fastness than those in the past, the traditional dual ammonia Department of dye greater success, and then add their application-level areas and the added value of upgrading.

奥力特染料系列是由特殊之1：1和1：2金属络合结构，并结合具有专利研究之母体染料之优异产品，其特有之高光泽度与透明性，是一般有机颜料所无法达到；更因为其化学合成结构的不同，使其在应用上的耐候性与坚牢度均比以往之传统型偶氨系染料更加卓越，进而增添其应用层面的领域与附加价值提升。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。