专业主义

To accept this point of view is to refuse bureaucratic concept of authority and appreciate administrator's reasonable obedience, to overcome utilitarian ignorance of administrator's"inner interests"with excellent"practice"and take care of administrator's inner sentiments, to abnegate obsession with"control"and prejudice of administrator's autonomy and have eyes on administrator's ethical responsibilities, professional ethics and its construction.

采用这种观念模式，将拒绝制度主义的行政伦理学的规则中心论，主张行政人的道德主体性；拒绝官僚制理论的权威主义观点，主张行政人对制度的合理服从；拒绝功利主义行政伦理学对行政"实践"内在利益的忽视，主张关注行政人的内在感受；拒绝"控权论"对行政专业自主性的敌视，主张研究行政人的伦理责任、职业伦理及其对行政人道德建设的意义。

The writer draws on the moral idealism and medical ethics of the traditional Confucian ethics of Jen to correspond with the altruist ethics that represents the medical professional ethics in the western modern medical society.

作者援引了儒家传统仁道伦理中的道德理想主义与医道精神，来与西方现代医学界再现医学专业伦理之利他主义精神的道德呼吁互相呼应。

Clericalism is that deformation so clearly challenged by Jesus that all "professionals" of religion are exposed.

神权主义是一种歪曲――耶稣曾经明确的反对――它是所有宗教界的"专业人士"都会遇到的危机。

In the history of the development of ethics thought, there always exists the argument between finalism and deontology. The hedonism ethics belongs to finalism, which claims that happiness is the basis for the choice of morals as well as the purpose of ethical behaviors.

中文题名批判与超越副题名快乐主义伦理学新探外文题名 A new critique on hedonism 论文作者姜迎春导师侯惠勤学科专业马克思主义哲学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位南京大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数135页关键词伦理学伦理思想价值观快乐主义馆藏号BSLW /2003 /B82 /15 在伦理思想发展史上，一直存在着目的论和道义论之争，快乐主义伦理学即属于目的论，它主张快乐是人的道德选择的依据和道德行为的目的。

This thesis undertakes to analyze and elaborate on the interaction relationship, mutual fusion, mutual penetration, mutual conversion, mutual critique, complementation and inseparableness between the rational and irrational and to explore the interrelationship, structure, and mechanism of an integration of irrational factors as well as the value and role that they play in man's understanding, the social and historical development, and man's social practical activities on the basis of man's existence and mankind's spiritual development predicated on the leading role of reason, from the perspectives of integration of the rational and irrational integrating the historical and theoretical, and employing the stances, viewpoints, and methodology of Marxist philosophy, as well as from the multi-dimensional perspectives.

中文题名多维视野中的非理性及其价值研究副题名外文题名 The irrational in multi-dimensional perspective and its value study 论文作者何颖导师张奎良教授学科专业马克思主义哲学研究领域\研究方向马克思哲学思想及其现代意义学位级别博士学位授予单位黑龙江大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数10，301页关键词非理性理性价值馆藏号BSLW /2003 /B0-0 /1 本文以人的存在及人类精神的发展为基础，以理性具有主导地位为前提，以理性与非理性相统一为出发点，以史论相结合的方式，运用马克思主义哲学的立场、观点和方法，从多维的视角出发在分析和阐述理性与非理性之间相互作用、相互融合、相互渗透、相互转化、相互批评、彼此消长、不可分离的关系的基础上，探求非理性因素之间的整合关系、结构、机制及其在人的认识活动中、在社会历史发展过程中、在人的社会实践活动中的价值和作用。

This dissertation attempts to make an exploratory study on the impact of the cultural dimension "universalism versus particularism" on ethical decision-making in marketing by comparing Chinese and American marketing undergraduate students.

本论文尝试着通过比较中美两国营销专业的本科生探讨性地研究文化维度"普遍主义与特殊主义"对营销伦理决策的影响。

The author probes into the negative factors in the actual teacher evaluation that hinder teacher"s professional evaluation. For example, the disjoint between the evaluation activities and teacher professional activities results in the school"s neglection of teacher"s professional development. The dorminent principle "cute of efficiency" leads to the losing of teacher"s subject. The up-to-down evaluation system . What is more,the actual teacher"s evaluation not only goes against the atmosphere which helps teachers to develop their professions, but alsobrings about the spread of the "diploma education.

诸如：评价活动和专业发展活动的严重脱节导致中小学校对教师专业发展的忽视；效率主义的评价体制下，教师主体性的缺失导致教师缺乏反思的意识和反思的能力；自上而下的评价制度不符合专业组织的特征；现行教师评价不利于在学校内营造专业发展的氛围；重&学历&、重&文凭&的评价导向致使教师不重视在职的学习和提高等等。

In order to gain a better mastery of the actual situation of traditional Chinese culture among English majors, and obtain the understanding of their attitudes toward our traditional culture, the author conducts an investigation and empirical study to the particular group in the form of questionnaires, based on the present situation of traditional Chinese culture and the adoption of Geert Hofstede"s theory of cultural variations as well as Conrad William Watson"s theory of multiculturalism. Resultantly, the author verifies the loss of traditional Chinese culture among English majors and points out the degree of the loss.

为了更好地掌握中国传统文化在英语专业学生中的真实情况，以及了解英语专业学生对我们传统文化的实际态度，本文作者在结合中国传统文化的发展现状，并采用Geert Hofstede的文化差异理论和Conrad William Watson的多元文化主义理论的基础之上，通过问卷形式对这一特殊群组进行了抽样调查和实证研究，结果验证了中国传统文化在英语专业大学生中的丢失，并指出了传统文化的丢失程度。

In this article, with showing the current situation of online higher education in China and using the advanced experience of foreign countries for reference, declaimed that in order to improve the quality of teaching, people should establish a strict supervision system, like checking on the enroll students and establish a high qualified teaching group to enhance the construction of eductional teaching resource.

本文结合我国网络高等教育的现状，借鉴国外网络高等教育的先进经验，认为要提高教学质量，必须建立严格的质量监控体系，严把招生进入关和出口关，建立一支思想素质、专业技术过硬的师资队伍，加强教学资源建设，以行为主义、人本主义和建构主义学习理论为支撑，进一步完善学习支持服务系统，建立健全评价制度，培养学生自主学习的积极性，提高网络高等教育教学的质量。

In the course system of secondary vocational school, the ideological and political lesson has very important function for the forming of student"s ideological standards and political awarenessAt present there are some questions that can"t be ignored in the teaching ideological and political lesson of secondary vocational school in our country, including: The demand for ideological and political education lacks the level, breaks away from students" inherent demand and social work and becomes a kind of the standard of mechanical dogma; the education content of the ideology and politics lesson pays attention to the political theory knowledge of the thought, is inclined to the thinking with doctrine of knowledge center, the educational course of the ideological and political lesson ignores the forming student"s intact personality, the teaching method of the ideology and politics lesson gets used to rigid inculcates and force to submitting , lacks the effective dredging education and the guiding self-education ,the apparition of the teaching of the ideological and political lesson is unreasonable ,etc Author thinks that the teachers teaching art of the ideological and political lesson is the key to improve the teaching quality of the ideological and political lesson, to accomplish the task of teaching effectively, and to make the good teaching result.

中等专业学校课程体系中，思想政治课对学生思想政治素质的养成，具有举足轻重的作用。目前我国中等专业学校思想政治课教学存在着一些不容忽视的问题，它们包括：思想政治课教育教学的要求缺乏层次，脱离学生的内在需要和社会实际，成为一种刻板的圣贤式的标准；思想政治课的教育内容，关注思想政治理论知识，具有知识中心主义的思维倾向；思想政治课教育教学过程忽视学生完整人格的养成；思想政治课的教育教学方法，习惯于硬性的灌输和压服，缺乏有效的疏导教育和有指导的自我教育；思想政治课的教学评价不合理等。笔者认为要提高中等专业学校思想政治课的教学质量，有效完成教学任务，取得良好教学效果，关键在于思想政治课教师的教学艺术。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。