专业主义

Previously professional education was almost equal to skilled training, through a series study toward the journalism education situation in US, we found that there are all together three factors in conception of "professional": Skill training, Journalism Professionalism and Academism.

在以前，人们将职业教育等同于技能训练，但通过一系列对于美国新闻教育的研究，我们发现在美国新闻教育的职业化思想中包含有三个因素：技能训练、新闻专业主义精神和学术性。

The process of constructing the discourse of professionalism is constituted by three micro-mechanisms, the mutual influences of the formal and informal fields of gaining professional fame, the exercises of power via both coercion and co-optation, and the dynamics of interactions at three levels: organization, profession, and media system.

专业主义的话语建构的过程包括正式与非正式成名场域的区分和相互渗透，以强制和"收编"两个相辅相成的方式形成的权力行使，以及组织、行业和体制内外的互动。

When the much more public institution and individual seize on the position but not work to the people, when the much more public institutions, officials, scholars, medias, capitalist collude each other, when the specialization and scientism fall into the tool to disport and dupe public, that holding the vocational ground and personal integrity turned into the base line to keep the society the forward strength.

在越来越多的公共机构和个人"在其位而不谋其政"后，在越来越多的公共机构、官员、学者、媒体或与资本或相互合谋后，在专业主义和科学精神同样沉沦为娱乐甚至愚弄公众的工具后，坚守职业精神和专业操守成为一个社会依然能够保持前行力量的底线。

As a course for master degree of the major of Marxist philosophy, Studies of Modern Western Philosophy mainly teaches the philosophies emerging in western countries and having great influences in the world since the birth of Marxist philosophy, its contents involve so many schools as Voluntarism, Positivism, Existentialism, The Philosophy of Life, Freudianism, Pragmatism,Analytic Philosophy, Frankfort School and Structuralism, etc.

现代西方哲学研究》是马克思主义哲学专业硕士点的必修学位课程，该课程所讲授的主要是马克思主义哲学诞生以来在西方国家产生的具有国际性影响的哲学思潮，在内容上涵盖了唯意志主义、实证主义、存在主义、生命哲学、弗洛伊德主义、实用主义、分析哲学、法兰克福学派、结构主义等流派。

The goal of Journalistic Professionalism is to serve all the people, rather than particular interest groups.

新闻专业主义的目标是服务于全体人民，而不是某一利益团体。

This logical paradox proves that, institutionalization of freedom of press and economic freedom alone cannot guarantee the realization of the ideal goal of the liberalist theory. It is in this very paradoxical situation that related structural categories which influence journalism have, through struggle and compromise under the same mainstream ideology, caused the institutionalization of editing-management separation system and the underpinning journalism professionalism which protects the freedom of news production from market interferences, thus realizing to some degree the freedom of press.

逻辑悖论证明，仅仅有新闻自由、经济自由的正式制度，并不能达致自由主义报刊理论的理想目标；恰恰在此悖论中，影响新闻业的相关结构性范畴在共同的主流意识规约下经过博弈和妥协，达成编营分离制度安排以及作为编营分离制度支撑的新闻专业主义，阻抗了市场力量对新闻生产自由的控制，一定程度上确保了言论出版和新闻自由的实现。

As a kind of discourse strategy, popularism has influenced Chinese professional journalism professionalism.

作为一种话语策略，它对新闻专业主义产生了重要影响。

On this basis, author reached one conclusion, collision and integrating of propaganda system and professionalism in context of modern China make it possible for Chinese media workers to create professional model unsimilar to global pattern.

在此基础上，笔者得出一个结论，在当代中国的语境下，宣传体制和专业主义的碰撞和结合，使得中国的媒体工作者有可能创造出一种不同于全球性范式的专业话语模式。

These reenacted news photos in crafted situations are made in an absolutely opposite way to journalism. They defeat the media and proud photojournalists' credibility.

这些伪造的、经过刻意摆设的&新闻照片&与专业主义的新闻图片实乃南辕北辙，毋庸置疑地，它们必为新闻界的&同行们&所不齿。

The objective of this research is to understand the formation of landscape architecture professionalism in Taiwan by studying the landscape architects's involvements in legislation, education and industry.

摘要 本论文的研究目的，是藉由研究景观工作者在国家立法、教育、业界这三个场域的专业化过程，了解台湾景观专业主义的构成。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷