与民法有关的

The ship manager is the agent of the ship owner in most circumstances performing the civil conduct with the third party, in which case the provisions of the direct agency in《General Principles of the Civil Law》and the provisions of the indirect agency in《the Law of Contract》could be applied to the affirmance of the status of the ship manager.

船舶管理人在与第三人之间为民事法律行为时，主要以所有人代理人的身份出现，可以通过我国《民法通则》有关直接代理的规定，以及《合同法》有关间接代理的规定对船舶管理人的法律地位进行确认。

This paper mainly interprets and analyses the legal meaning of pawning conduct by means of pawn shop in modern time and rule and custom by using the theory of modern civil law and puts forward a legislative suggestion on operating rule of pawn broking, which might be a part of pawn broking law in future.

本文主要是通过对典当行功能在当代的变化来解释和分析典当的法律意义，对与典当行有关的规则用现代民法理论解释，提出对典当业营业规则的立法建议，使其成为未来的《典当业法》的一部分内容。

In the fourth part of the thesis, the writer has an explorative discussion about these questions.

如《民法通则》与环境法的有关规定不完全一致，损害赔偿范围中缺乏精神损害赔偿的规定，本文在第四部分，对环境侵权损害赔偿的法理和司法实践的一系列问题进行了探索性的论述。

He put forwards that the article 4 of crime of L/C fraud in Chinese Criminal Law isn"t in compliance with the principle of penalty according to criminal law, and it will destroy L/C system. The principles of fairness, honest and credibility and prohibition of civil right abuse in General Rules of Civil Law have the feature of indetermination. The litigation of civil right attached to criminal procedure and litigation property save in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in view of their imperfection, cause the repeating capital frozen by police bureau, procuratorate and court. In view of low requirement of civil litigation capital save in Civil Procedure law, the frequent capital frozen happens all the time. Summary of Panel Discussion Concerning Chinese Coastal Area"s Economic and Judicial Work, owing to its low status and evidence"s inexplicitness of issuing ban, results in judger"s unrestrained jurisdiction power. Therefore, this author concludes that the characteristics of fragmentsand imperfection of Chinese L/C laws are disadvantageous to the perfection of the L/C legislation system ,and can not instruct judges to try the cases of L/C fraud effectively.

由于《美国统一商法典》的第五章关于信用证欺诈的规定相对我国法律而言比较完善，笔者在本文对其也作了论述，以期对我国未来的立法有所启示；第三部分主要分析了我国目前的有关信用证欺诈的规定，并指出《刑法》的有关信用证诈骗罪的规定的第4款不符合罪刑法定的要求，它对信用证的运行机制有极强的破坏性；《民法通则》中与信用证欺诈有关的公平、诚实信用、禁止权利滥用原则有其适用时的不确定性；《刑事诉讼法》关于刑事附带民事及诉讼保全的规定，由于规定的不完善，导致公、检、法等各机关对信用证的重复冻结；由于《民事诉讼法》对财产保全的条件要求过低，导致实践中信用证冻结频繁发生；《会谈纪要》由于其效力低和对发布禁令要求的证据并不明确，导致实践中法官的自由裁量权无限扩大。

The author adopts the basic theory on agency,intermediariship and middlemanship incivil law,indicates that even the security law sets forth that the relationship betweeninvestors and security dealers can be categorized as agency,but in nature,it should bemiddlemanship.

作者运用民法关于代理、居间和行纪的基本理论，指出我国有关证券法规虽然将投资者与证券商之间的关系界定为代理，但从这两者关系的本质来看，应为行纪。

On the base of foreign correlative theory and some theories in civil law ,the paper point out the disadvantage of our traditional theory on the object of larceny,and put forward that the fact of possession is the object of larceny.It oppugns"new possession theory"and "compound theory".

盗窃罪的客体要件一直未引起我国学界的太多关注，本文以两个具体案例为切入口，在评析外国相关理论的基础上，运用民法中的有关理论，指出我国传统理论的缺失，提出以占有这一事实状态为盗窃罪的客体要件的主张，并对&新占有说&与&混合说&提出了质疑。

The article especially investigates in the original literatures the contradiction between the claimed universality in "the Law of peoples" and local legal practices and the reason of it. It reveals the Roman legists' efforts in using a common ideology to unify a diversified empire under the concept of"the law of peoples". The contradiction between legal ideality and legal...

为了对万民法有一个全景的勾画，离不开对原始文献中万民法规范被宣称的普世性与实际运作的有关法律规范的地方性的矛盾及其原因的揭示；古典时期的罗马法学家们力图在万民法概念下以一种共同的意识形态整合一个充满个别性的大帝国的苦心，反映了这一时期罗马帝国的法律理想与法律现实的矛盾。

At last, by analyzing the similarities and differences of legislation and judicature systems concerned of foreign country, the article discusses some good defense countermeasure that we should adopt by drawing lessons from the foreign country. Later it analyses providing concerned about criminal law, civil law, maritime law which are related to crime of cheat on L/C and points out the defects our legal system. Following that, it puts forward concrete proposal of legislation and judicature on proposal of legislation and judicature on improving legal system and taking strong measures against the behavior of crime of cheat on L/C. At last the article discusses the way to solve the self梥aving measures that every party should adopt and the concrete measurers that international organization uses to defense against cheat of L/C.

通过对西方国家有关信用证欺诈及其犯罪的立法、司法制度的比较分析，论述我国应该借鉴外国一些有益的防治措施，对我国的刑法、民法、海商法等涉及信用证欺诈的相关规定进行剖析，指出我国信用证欺诈方面法制的不健全之处，对完善我国信用证欺诈的法律体系与打击信用证欺诈犯罪行为提出具体的立法、司法建议；同时探讨信用证欺诈在法律冲突时的解决办法以及各方当事人应该采取的自力性救济措施和国际组织在防治信用证欺诈方面的具体措施。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。