与光有关的

Aplanatic: Of or relating to optical systems that correct for spherical aberration.

等光程的，透镜消球差的：矫正球面像差的光学系统或与之有关的

First, we extract the boundaries between two different materials by weighting with gray-level gradient,and only voxels on these boundaries participate in the generation of each image, so it drastically reduces the rendering time. Second. We think the voxels on boundaries as the mixture of different materials,so in every voxel there is a surface. We use the oriented cube-interpolation technique to get the intersection point of viewing orientation and the surface in the voxel, then compute the surface normal of the intersection point. We use the normal to shade the voxel in order to improve the image quality.

首先，采用灰度梯度加权提取出三维数据场中不同物质间的边界，根据显示的需要只对这些边界上的体元赋予相应的阻光度并进行光亮度合成计算，因而可大大减少计算量，提高显示的速度；将边界上的体元作为不同物质的混合体，采用与方向有关的三线性插值来计算视线方向与体素内等值面的交点，根据交点的法向量进行光照效应计算以提高显示图像的质量；最后用投影成像法显示最终的图像。

Of or relating to optical systems that correct for spherical aberration.

等光程的，透镜消球差的矫正球面像差的光学系统或与之有关的

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要：本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的，三年来，我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点，圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置，编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序，实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜，首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层，周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号，证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应，光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究，证明光反射差信号由三项组成，第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关；第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关；第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比，并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

Insurance premium for a ship (including protection and indemnity calls) payable by or paid for a ship owner or bareboat charterer

十八船舶所有人或者光船承租人应当支付的或者他人为其支付的与船舶有关的佣金、经纪费或者代理费

The commission, brokerage or agency fee related to a ship paid by the shipowner or bareboat charterer, or paid on his behalf

船舶所有人或者光船承租人应当支付的或者他人为其支付的与船舶有关的佣金、经纪费或者代理费

The canopy structure and leaf morphological characters of 4 sugarcane genotypes at different leaf layers on seedling were studied by using CI-100 plant canopy instrument and CI-203 area meter instrument. The results showed the leaf morphological parameters, canopy structure and radiation transmission at different leaf layers were notably different among different genotypes. The variation of Ila, Amfi, Dl at different leaf layers were mainly caused by the leaf width at relevant position. The variation of K at different leaf layers was related to Amfi and Dl. The variation of Td（transm. coef. for diffuse penetration）had significant correlations with Ila, Amfi and Dl. The variation of Tr（transm. coef. for radiation penetration）had significant correlations with Dl, leaf width and the ratio of leaf length to width. The variation of Par had significant correlations with Ila, leaf area, leaf width and the ratio of leaf length to width.

摘要利用CI-100数字植物冠层分析仪和CI-203叶面积分析仪测定了4个甘蔗品种不同叶位层的冠层参数和相应叶位叶片的形态特征，结果表明：不同基因型不同叶位层间叶片形态、冠层空间结构和冠层辐射特征存在显著差异，不同叶位层叶面积指数、叶簇倾角和叶分布的变化主要由冠层内不同叶位叶片叶宽的变化引起，而不同叶位层消光系数的变化主要与叶簇倾角和叶分布有关；散射光透过系数的变化主要与叶面积指数、叶簇倾角和叶分布有关，直射光透过系数的变化主要与叶分布、叶宽、长宽比有关，光合有效辐射的变化与叶面积指数、叶面积、叶宽、长宽比有关。

The CW and CCW light which propagate in the imperfect single-mode fiber in Fiber-optic depolarized gyro must generate a nonreciprocal phase error associated with magnetic field,because of Faraday effect,when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the fiber loop surface.

去偏光纤陀螺的非理想单模光纤，在垂直于光纤环面的轴向磁场作用下，由于Faraday效应，在其中传播的正反两束光会产生一个与磁场有关的非互易相位差。

Digital image measuring is a new measuring technology. It is based on the optics and composed of optics, electronics and computer. It syncretizes electronics, computer science, laser science, and image processing technology. It is used widely in the following fields such as geometry dimension measurement, aviation remote sensing measurement, high precision locating and face location about image.

数字图像测量是近年来基于光学测量原理形成的一种新型测量技术，它以光学为基础，融合电子学、计算机技术、激光技术、图像处理技术等现代科学技术为一体，组成光、电、计算机综合的测量技术，它被广泛应用于几何量的尺寸测量、航空遥感测量、高精度定位、精密复杂零件的微尺寸测量和外观检测等与图像有关的技术领域中。

In the course of testing, the laser was used as light source with twin-light path, dispelled the error of light-intensity variation of traditional detection devices, the measurement result only relates to the relative change of optical intensity .

测量以激光为光源，采用双光路法，消除了通用检测仪由于光源光强不稳定产生的误差，使得测量结果只与光强的相对变化量有关；光波出入波导均采用棱镜耦合，减少了普通测试方法因样品质量及面形误差和端面洁净情况不同或输出透镜不能很好汇聚光波而产生的误差；利用常规仪器设备实现了数字化检测显示，避免了人为主观读数产生的误差；利用AD538实时模拟计算芯片，提高了计算精度和运算速度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。