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Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

The interactions of dsDNA and ssDNA with two osmium complexes have been studied by surface electrochemical methods based on DNA modified electrode. It is found that both osmium complexes bond DNA with electrostatic interaction. And some thermodynamics and kinetics constants, such as bindind constant , ratio of binding constants K〓/K〓, limiting ratio K〓°/K〓°at zero ionic strength (μ＝0), free energy ΔG〓, dissociation rate constant k and binding site size s have been obtained.

研究发现两种锇配合物都是通过静电作用与DNA结合，并计算得到联吡啶锇和二氯菲咯啉锇与dsDNA和ssDNA相互作用的结合常数、结合常数比K〓／K〓、μ＝0时极限结合常数比K〓°／K〓°、结合自由能ΔG〓、解离速度常数k和结合位点数s等多个热力学和动力学参数。

NON-DRYING CLEANSING LOTION removes all makeup and impurities from sensitive skin WASH-OFF CLEANSING LOTION dissolves dirt and oil, leaving skin clean and refreshed MAKEUP REMOVER gently removes all traces of makeup without irritation especially around eyes NEUTRAL CLEANSING BAR a gentle long lasting glycerin based soap with humectants to hold moisture and protect skin BALANCING CLEANSER prepares your skin with thorough cleansing and gentle exfoliation AHA REVITALIZING CLEANSER 4 a 4% glycolic acid based formulation for all skin types which gently cleanses and revitalizes skin DAILY MOISTURE SPF 15 combines hydration with Vitamins A, C and E for enhanced antioxidant protection - protects against both UVA and UVB radiation FACIAL MOISTURIZING CREAM binds moisture to the skin, excellent for dry and mature skin LIGHT TEXTURED MOISTURIZER a lightweight hydrating treatment OIL-FREE ULTRA LIGHT HYDRATOR a sheer lightweight lotion that provides hydration without oil - perfect for oily and acne prone skin HYDRATING SERUM delivers a powerful dose of hyaluronic acid to help restore aging skin to its ideal state SUPER RICH EYE CREAM combines Vitamins A, C and E with intense moisture binding ingredients ULTRA GENTLE EYE CREAM a lightweight and fragrance-free cream that helps to minimize fine lines and puffiness around eyes AHA REVITALIZING EYE CREAM moisturizes and helps to eliminate the signs of aging

你好 翻译如下非干燥洁净乳液消除所有的化妆及杂质从敏感的皮肤讲小康洁净乳液溶解灰尘和油，使皮肤清洁和刷新化妆剂轻轻地消除所有的痕迹化妆特别是在不刺激眼睛中性洁净英美柔和持久甘油肥皂基于举行水分和保护皮肤平衡洁面乳准备您的皮肤彻底清洗和温和去角质美国心脏学会振兴洁面乳 4 ％乙醇酸基础制定的所有的皮肤类型轻轻清洁皮肤每日水分的SPF 15 结合水与维生素A， C和E ，加强抗氧化保护-防止两种紫外线和UVB辐射面部润肤乳结合水分的皮肤，非常适合干燥和成熟的皮肤光织润肤品一个轻量级水化治疗无油超轻型纯粹轻量级水化洗剂，提供无油-适合油性和青春痘的皮肤容易保湿血清提供了一个强大的剂量透明质酸帮助恢复皮肤衰老的理想状态超富眼霜结合维他命A， C和E与激烈的水分结合成分超温和的眼霜一个轻量级和香料无霜，帮助减少细纹与虚胖周围的眼睛美国心脏学会振兴眼霜润泽，并有助于消除老化的迹象

Membrane affinity quantified by IAM and liposome/buffer systems was a more efficient predicator of α values than hydrophobicity from n-octanol/buffer system. Consequently, not only hydrophobic force but also attractive polar extra-interactions involved in the binding to IAM and liposomal membranes but not in an n-octanol phase, ascribed to the binding process within AM. The binding to ordered lipid membrane in the larger part determined drugs'binding to AM intracellular compositions, and the ordered phospholipid plasma membrane was a potential site for drugs'binding in AM.

脂质体／水系统和磷脂膜色谱所测定的膜亲和性比正辛醇／水系统的疏水性更好的预测巨噬细胞内药物的α值，因此包含在磷脂膜色谱中但并不体现在正辛醇／水系统中药物与磷脂膜之间的额外吸引性极性作用力对药物在细胞内结合有着重要贡献；药物与有序磷脂膜的结合在很大程度上决定着药物与巨噬细胞内成分的结合，有序磷脂分子膜可能是巨噬细胞内部潜在的结合部位。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and zymogen activation are two very important regulation mechanism for enzyme activity and function.

本文第三章对蛋白激酶催化磷酸化酶活化的三种可能机制—随机激活模型和ATP与激酶先结合的顺序结合激活模型及ATP与蛋白底物先结合，再与激酶结合的模型给予解析。

After the identification of SARs in Attacus ricini rRNA gene, its rRNA gene and NTS were also found to have the ability binding with the nuclear scaffold of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 1kb NTS fragment which can bind clearly with nuclear scaffold of Attacus ricini was the chief fragment binding with yeast nuclear scaffold. This indicated the homology between this two kinds of SARs and provided an evidence for the evolutionary conservation of SARs.

在鉴定蓖麻蚕rRNA基因中具有骨架结合区域之后，利用体外结合的方法发现，蓖麻蚕rRNA基因及其非转录间隔区片段也具有与酵母核骨架结合的能力，尤其是能与蓖麻蚕核骨架结合的非转录间隔区1kb片段，也能明显地结合于酵母核骨架，这一结果表明二者的SAR顺序具有一定的同源性，为骨架结合区域具有进化保守性提供了又一证据。

The successive stability constants which are obtained by non-linear least-squares methord fitting Bjerrum formula. In three- system ,the results from Scatchard plots indicate that there exists two strong binding site of Mn and one strong binding site of Zn,there are same results compareing with two -system ,but some more weak binding sites are different from the different addition sequence ,show that there are not common strong binding site of Mn,Zn in HSA or BSA .Strong binding sites have electiveness and unfalteringness ,weak binding sites exists irreversibility.

用非线性最小二乘法拟合Bjerrum方程，计算了同时竞争体系的逐级稳定常数；Scatchard图分析表明，三元体系中，Mn和Zn与血清白蛋白结强合部位数分别为2和1，与二元体系相比，保持不变，弱结合部位数随加入顺序的不同而不同，但都有所增加，竞争结果说明了Mn和Zn与血清白蛋白结合没有共同的强结合部位，强结合部位具有专一性，选择性，而弱结合部位具有不可逆性。

The binding behavior and kinetics of uncoupling protein with its ligand, the Fourier-transformation infrared spectra of uncoupling protein and its changes during ligand-binding process, the inhibition of Guanosine 5＇-Tetraphosphate (G-4-P) and Adenine-β-Darabinofuranoside 5＇-triphosphate on the binding of uncoupling protein with GTP were studied.

本文对解偶联蛋白与配基的结合及其结合动力学，解偶联蛋白及其与配基结合过程中的傅里叶变换红外光谱及其光谱变化，鸟嘌呤核苷四磷酸（G-4-P）和9-β-D-阿拉伯糖基呋喃5＇-三磷酸对解偶联蛋白与GTP结合的影响进行了研究。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。